Fire detector - Kasaikanchiki

Japanese: 火災感知器 - かさいかんちき
Fire detector - Kasaikanchiki

A device that automatically detects a fire. Many are installed in office buildings, department stores, hotels, and other buildings in accordance with the Fire Service Act, and are mainly attached to the ceilings of buildings. They are broadly classified into heat detectors and smoke detectors, and heat detectors are divided into differential and constant temperature detectors according to their operating mechanism. Differential detectors are activated when the temperature rises suddenly, but not when the temperature rises slowly. Constant temperature detectors are activated when the temperature reaches a certain level. Differential detectors are classified into spot and distributed types. The spot type, which is commonly used today, is a detector in which the air in the detector's air chamber expands due to temperature, displacing a diaphragm (a thin corrugated metal plate) and closing the electrical contacts, sending an electric current to a receiver to report a fire. Smoke detectors are broadly classified into ionization and photoelectric types. Ionization detectors utilize the property that the ion current flowing between two opposing electrodes decreases when fine particles contained in the smoke of a fire adhere to the detector. The photoelectric type (scattered light type) utilizes the fact that the fine particles contained in the smoke cause the light beam emitted from the light source to scatter, and captures the scattered light electrically.

[Kishiyama Koichi]

[Reference item] | Automatic fire alarm system

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

火災が発生したときに、自動的にこれを感知する器具。事務所ビル、デパート、ホテルなどの建物に消防法に基づいて設置されるものが多く、おもに建物の天井面に取り付けられる。熱感知器と煙感知器に大別され、このうち熱感知器は作動機構により差動式と定温式に分けられる。差動式は、温度が急激に上昇したときに作動し、緩やかに上昇したときは作動しない。定温式は、一定の温度になると作動する。差動式にはスポット型と分布型があり、今日よく使われているスポット型は、感知器の空気室内の空気が温度により膨張し、ダイヤフラム(薄い波板の金属)を変位して電気接点を閉じ、受信機に電流を送り火災を通報するものである。煙感知器は大別するとイオン化式と光電式に分けられる。イオン化式は、対向した二つの電極間に流れるイオン電流が、火災の煙に含まれる微粒子の付着により減少する性質を利用したもの。また光電式(散乱光式)は、煙に含まれている微粒子が光源から放射される光束によって乱反射をおこすことを利用し、散乱光を電気的にとらえるものである。

[岸谷孝一]

[参照項目] | 自動火災報知設備

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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