A political fantasy published by Thomas More in 1516. Written in Latin, its official title is "A Golden Book, No Less Amusing than the Best Form of Government for Society, and of the New Island of Utopia." The work is written in the form of a fictional character, Hythlodaeus, talking with More about the fictional countries he saw and heard about in the New World, especially Utopia (meaning a place that does not exist). The first volume mainly criticizes European society at the time, and the second volume describes Utopia, an ideal society. At that time, European monarchs were only concerned with increasing their own wealth and territory, while the people had their land taken away by "enclosure" and were forced to work harder than cattle and horses. The state and laws were nothing more than privatization by the "conspiracy of the rich" to exploit the poor. The root of all these evils is the monetary economy and private property system. In contrast, in Utopia, citizens are equal, there is no money, and a system of shared property is established. Fewer working hours would be sufficient for all humans to work, and free time would be used for "mental refinement." This work was written by a Christian humanist who, using the form of an entertaining story, appealed to politicians and intellectuals to reform and regenerate the corrupt Christian society of the time, and questioned what true publicness and justice are. Later, Utopia became a synonym for an ideal world in general, and it was the founding of the genre of utopian literature, exerting a great influence. [Kikuchi Yoshio] "Utopia" translated by Akio Sawada (Chuko Bunko)" ▽ "Utopia" translated by Masao Hirai (Iwanami Bunko) [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
トマス・モアが1516年に刊行した政治的空想物語。ラテン語で書かれ、正式な題名は『社会の最善政体について、そしてユートピア新島についての楽しさに劣らず有益な黄金の小著』である。架空の人物ヒュトロダエウスが新世界で見聞した架空の諸国、とくにユートピア(どこにもない場所の意味)についてモアと語り合うという形式をとる。主として当時のヨーロッパ社会を批判した第一巻と、理想的な社会であるユートピアを描写した第二巻からなる。当時のヨーロッパの君主は自分の富や領土を増大することのみに専念し、一方民衆は「囲い込み」によって土地を奪われ、牛馬よりもひどい労働を強いられている。国家や法律も貧しい人々を搾取するための「金持ちの共謀」による私物化にすぎない。このような諸悪の根源として貨幣経済、私有財産制がある。これに対してユートピアでは、市民は平等であり、貨幣が存在せず、財産共有制が敷かれている。すべての人間が労働するために、少ない労働時間で十分であり、自由な時間を「精神の洗練」のために用いる。 この作品は、愉快な物語の形式を借りて、当時の腐敗したキリスト教社会の改革、再生を、政治家、知識人に訴え、真の公共性、正義とは何かを問うたキリスト教人文主義者の手になるものである。その後、ユートピアは一般的に理想郷の代名詞となり、また、ユートピア文学のジャンルの創始となって、大きな影響を与えた。 [菊池理夫] 『沢田昭夫訳『ユートピア』(中公文庫)』▽『平井正穂訳『ユートピア』(岩波文庫)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Yudonosan Shrine - Yudonosan Shrine
...But the white stones are made from the shells ...
… [Ken Inoue]. … *Some of the terminology that me...
…Inyoukaku is made from the dried stems and leave...
An election held in the Roman Catholic Church to c...
…It belongs to the South Semitic branch of the Se...
An insect of the Lepidoptera family, Saturniidae (...
…Phlox [Munemin Yanagi]. . … *Some of the termino...
…General term for insects of the Zygaenidae famil...
The part of the torso that follows the head is ca...
…He is also famous as a teacher and friend of the...
An officially compiled agricultural textbook comp...
In the Middle Ages, each feudal lord would pay tax...
A beautiful green leaf-like edible green alga of t...
A patriot of the late Edo period. With the arrival...
Acylated glycerols include monoacylglycerols (mono...