... If we look at prehistoric ruins, the oldest man-made dwellings are small enough to house a single family, and in later times we find evidence that these types of huts were combined under one roof, or large communal tombs, we cannot know the specific kinship structure or marriage regulations of the people who left these ruins, but we can at least acknowledge the possibility that a large family or clan-like unit group was formed there. For example, the oldest dwelling site in Gagarino, upstream of the Don River in southern Russia, is only one room measuring 4.5m x 5.5m, but in later times, in Kostenki, south of Gagarino, a long pit measuring 34m in length and 5.6m in width was found with the remains of eight hearths lined up, and in Timonovka, northwest of that, a pair of dwellings measuring 10m x 5m was found, each with a hearth between them. The houses of the early Danubian farmers were also large enough to accommodate small clans, and traces of mass burials have been found in contemporary village ruins in Britain and northern Europe. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Gagarino" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… いま先史学上の遺跡についてみるならば,最古の人工的住居址が1単位家族をいれるにふさわしい小さなもので,その後の時代にこの種の小屋が一つの屋根の下に結合されたと思われる証跡や,あるいは大きな共同墳のあらわれるような場合,われわれは,これらの遺跡をのこした人々の具体的な親族構造や婚姻の規制は知ることができないが,そこに少なくとも大家族的ないしは氏族的な単位集団の形成された可能性をみとめることはできるのである。たとえば南ロシアのドン川上流ガガリノの最古の住居址は,4.5m×5.5mの1室にすぎないが,その後の時代については,ガガリノ南方のコスチョンキでは,長さ34m,幅5.6mの長い一つの竪穴に,8個のかまどの跡がならんだもの,その北西方のティモノフカでは,10m×5mの住居が,1対ずつ,一つのかまどをはさんでむらがったものなどが発見された。ダニューブ文化の初期農耕民の家屋も,小氏族をいれるに足りるほど大きなものであり,同時代のイギリスや北ヨーロッパの村落遺跡にも,集団埋葬のあとが見いだされる。… ※「ガガリノ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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