Urgench - Urgench (English spelling)

Japanese: ウルゲンチ - うるげんち(英語表記)Ургенч/Urgench
Urgench - Urgench (English spelling)

A city in the Republic of Uzbekistan, located on the left bank of the lower Amu Darya. In ancient times it was located further downstream (Old (Kunya) Urgench), and in Chinese it is written as Yulongjiechi and other names. It flourished as a trading hub between Iran and northern nomads, and in the second half of the 12th century it flourished as the capital of the Turkish Khwarezmian dynasty. In 1221, the dam collapsed after an attack by the Mongol army, and the city was buried. Ten years later it was rebuilt just to the south, and revived as a center of caravan trade. Islamic mausoleums from the 12th to 14th centuries still remain today.

In the 18th century, due to changes in the course of the Amu Darya, residents moved to Yeni Urgench, slightly upstream. It is the political and economic center of the Khorezm region, and in recent years has developed into an industrial city, with air and rail links to Tashkent. Its population was 139,100 (1999), and 141,685 (estimated for 2019). Khiva, 32 kilometers southwest, was the capital of all of Khorezm under the Khwarezmian king Arab Muhammad Khan in the 16th century. Khiva's inner citadel, with its palaces and tombs, remains intact, demonstrating the characteristics of a medieval Islamic city.

[Kazutoshi Nagasawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ウズベキスタン共和国の都市。アムダリヤ下流左岸にある。古くはさらに下流にあり(旧(クニャ)ウルゲンチ)、中国では玉竜傑赤などと書かれる。イランと北方遊牧民の交易中継地として栄え、12世紀後半にはトルコ系のホラズム・シャー朝の首都として繁栄した。1221年モンゴル軍の攻撃を受けて堰堤(えんてい)が決壊し、市街は埋没した。10年後すぐ南に再建され、隊商貿易の中心として復興した。いまも12~14世紀のイスラム廟(びょう)が残っている。

 18世紀にアムダリヤの河道の変遷によって、住民はやや上流の新(イェニ)ウルゲンチに移った。ここはホラズム地方の政治、経済の中心都市で、近年は工業都市として発展し、タシケントと空路、鉄道が通じている。人口は13万9100(1999)、14万1685(2019推計)である。なお、南西32キロメートルに、16世紀以来ホラズム王アラブ・ムハンマド・ハンが全ホラズムの首都としたヒバがある。ヒバは内城内の建物、たとえば宮殿、墓廟(ぼびょう)などがそのままの形で残っており、中世イスラム都市の特色をよく示している。

[長澤和俊]

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