Cognitive anthropology

Japanese: 認識人類学 - にんしきじんるいがく(英語表記)cognitive anthropology
Cognitive anthropology
A branch of anthropology that studies the classification of things and events and the systems that give them meaning in individual societies. It is also called folk-taxonomy. It was established in the 1950s and 1960s, mainly in the United States, by HC Conklin, CO Flake, AF Wallace, DH Hymes, and WH Goodenough. It began with the study of the classification of animals and plants (known as ethnozoology and ethnobotany, collectively known as ethnoscience), and has expanded to social and religious subjects such as kinship names and ideas about illness and spirits. It is characterized by a subjective, internal perspective on the research subject, and a strict distinction has been made between interpretations by researchers, which were not always clear until then, and the logical refinement of classification has progressed. Furthermore, changes in the classification system and its relationship to actual behavior have also become research themes.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
個々の社会がもつ,事物や事象の分類とそれを意味づける体系を研究対象とする人類学の一分野。民俗分類学 folk-taxonomyとも呼ばれる。 1950~60年代にかけて,主としてアメリカで H.C.コンクリン,C.O.フレーク,A.F.ウォラス,D.H.ハイムズ,W.H.グッドイナフらによって確立された。動植物の分類研究 (民族動物学,民族植物学といい,まとめて民族科学 ethno-scienceともいう) に始って,親族名称や病気・霊魂に対する観念など,社会的・宗教的なものへと対象を広げている。研究対象に対し,主観的な内側からの視点をとるのが特徴で,それまで必ずしも明確でなかった,研究者による解釈との区別が厳密になされるようになり,分類の論理的精密化が進んだ。さらに分類体系の変化や実際の行動との関連性も研究テーマとなっている。

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