Applied bioscience that arose with the goal of improving humanity genetically. In other words, it aims to develop genetically advantageous qualities over generations and reduce qualities harmful to survival. The modern eugenics movement began with F. Galton (1883). In response to this, there are those who argue that humanity should be improved by placing emphasis on improving the environment and education rather than reforming genetic qualities, and this is called euthenics. It is also possible to prevent harmful genes from manifesting as phenotypes even if they are inherited. For example, patients who inherit phenylketonuria can be given low levels of phenylalanine in their diet. Research into such measures is called euphenics, which means eugenics, in contrast to eugenics. It has been pointed out that strongly advocating eugenic measures creates discrimination in the value of superiority and inferiority between individuals. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
遺伝学的に人類をよりよくすることを目的として起った応用生物科学。すなわち世代を重ねながら遺伝的に有利な素質が発展し,生存にとって有害な素質が少くなるようにはかるもので,近代的な優生学的運動は F.ゴルトンに始る (1883) 。これに対し人類は遺伝素質の改革よりも環境,教育の改良に重点をおいてよりよくすべきだという主張があるが,これを優境学 euthenicsという。また有害遺伝子を受取っても,これが表現型として現れないようにすることも可能な場合がある。たとえばフェニルケトン尿症を遺伝した患者に,食物中のフェニルアラニン含量を押えるなどである。こうした対策の研究を,優生学と対比して,優表現学という意味で euphenicsという。優生学的な方策を強く主張することは,個人間に優劣の価値づけの差別を設けるものだとの指摘がある。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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