A type of mine disaster, where a tunnel is destroyed by rock pressure. Just as there is water pressure underwater, rock pressure, or rock pressure, acts deep underground, and it is thought that the magnitude of this pressure at the same depth is about 2.5 times that of water pressure. This causes strong forces to act on the rocks inside the mine, causing the tunnel to deform and shrink, or the walls to break. If the rock on the wall of the tunnel is weak, deformation and destruction will occur gradually, but if the surrounding rock is strong, it has the ability to store sufficient energy and deformation will be small. However, if it is subjected to a large rock pressure close to its pressure limit, even a small stimulus can cause sudden destruction, and crushed rock fragments will be ejected into the tunnel with a loud noise. This is a rockburst, and along with gas outbursts, it is one of the most feared deep mine disasters in coal mines and other mines. Rockbursts also occur during tunnel excavation, but they cannot be predicted at present, and the main prevention measure is to relieve the pressure inside the rock by drilling a large-diameter advance hole. [Toshiro Isobe] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
炭鉱災害の一つで、盤圧により坑道が破壊すること。水中に水圧があるのと同様に、地下深所に岩盤の圧力、すなわち盤圧が作用しており、同じ深さでの大きさは水圧の2.5倍程度と考えられている。そのため坑内の岩盤には強い力が作用し、坑道などが変形縮小したり、壁面が破壊したりする。坑道の壁面岩盤が脆弱(ぜいじゃく)であれば変形破壊は徐々におこるが、周囲岩盤が強固であれば、十分な力のエネルギーを蓄える能力があり、変形も小さい。しかし、耐圧限度に近い大きな盤圧を受けると、小さな刺激でも突然の破壊が生じ、大音響とともに坑道内に破砕岩片がはね出してくる。これが山はねであり、ガス突出とともにもっとも恐れられている炭鉱および鉱山の深部災害の一つである。山はねはトンネル掘削の際にも生ずるが、現在のところ予知もできず、大口径先進ボーリングにより岩盤内圧力を緩めてやるのがおもな防止対策である。 [磯部俊郎] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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