The capital of Vladimir Oblast in the western part of the Russian Federation. It is a port city on the left bank of the Klyazma River, about 190 km northeast of Moscow, and is known as the ancient capital of Russia. It has a population of 339,200 (1999). After the Russian Revolution, it developed as an industrial city, with its main industries being tractor, auto parts, motor manufacturing, chemicals (plastics), light industry, and building materials. It has many architectural monuments and attracts many foreign tourists. It has many art treasures, including the Golden Gate, built in the 12th century, and the Dormition Cathedral. In addition, Vladimir and Suzdal, 26 km north of it, have many white-walled buildings, and were registered as cultural heritage sites of the World Heritage Sites in 1992 (World Cultural Heritage). It has a technical university, a pedagogical university, and a puppet theater. It is a railway junction. [Taizo Nakamura] historyThe city's origins date back to 1108, when Prince Vladimir Monomakh built a fortress here. In 1157, Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky made it the capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, and it particularly flourished, replacing Kiev, the capital of Russia at the time, as the new political center. In 1299, the Metropolitan of Kiev, head of the Russian Church, also established its residence here. However, Vladimir's prosperity did not last long, and it lost influence to Moscow, which began to rise rapidly from this time. In 1326, the Metropolitan was also moved to Moscow. From then on, Vladimir became merely a regional city of the Moscow (and later Russian) state. [Takeo Kuryuzawa] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア連邦西部、ウラジーミル州の州都。モスクワの北東約190キロメートル、クリャジマ川左岸の港市で、ロシアの古都として知られている。人口33万9200(1999)。ロシア革命後、工業都市として発展し、主要工業はトラクター、自動車部品、モーター製造、化学(プラスチック)、軽工業、建築資材工業である。多くの建築記念物があり、多数の外国人観光客が訪れる。12世紀建造の「金の門」、ウスペンスキー寺院などがあり、多くの美術品が保存されている。さらにウラジーミルとその北方26キロメートルにあるスズダリには白壁の建造物群が多く残されており、1992年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された(世界文化遺産)。工科大学、教育大学、人形劇場がある。鉄道の分岐点。 [中村泰三] 歴史市の起源は、1108年ウラジーミル・モノマフ公がこの地に要塞(ようさい)を築いたのに始まる。1157年、アンドレイ・ボゴリュープスキー公がここをウラジーミル・スズダリ公国の首都とするに至ってとくに発展し、当時のロシアの首都キエフにかわって新たな政治的中心となっていく。1299年には、ロシア教会の首長たるキエフ府主教もこの地に居を構えるに至った。だがウラジーミルの繁栄は長続きせず、このころから急速に台頭してきたモスクワの前に影響力を失う。1326年には府主教もモスクワに移った。以後、ウラジーミルはモスクワ(および後のロシア)国家の一地方都市にすぎなくなった。 [栗生沢猛夫] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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