The capitalist view of the state from the mid-17th century to the mid-19th century. The view that the state should be limited to defense against foreign enemies, maintaining domestic security, and carrying out the minimum necessary public works so that individuals can freely carry out their economic activities. This view of the state favors laissez-faire economically and "cheap government" financially, meaning that "the best government is the smallest government." The term "night watchman state" comes from the German national socialist Lassalle's criticism of the liberal state as a night watchman who guards bourgeois private property. After the end of the 19th century, as social and labor problems became evident in various countries, the idea of the welfare state, social state, and administrative state emerged, which advocated that the state should actively engage in social, labor, and economic policies to solve these problems. [Hiroshi Tanaka] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
17世紀中葉から19世紀中葉にかけての資本主義国家の国家観。個人が自由にその経済活動を行えるように、国家の機能は、外敵の防御、国内の治安維持、必要最小限の公共事業にとどめるべし、という国家観。この国家観では、経済的には自由放任主義、財政的には「安価な政府」つまり「最良の政治(政府)は最小の政治(政府)」がよしとされる。夜警国家ということばは、ドイツの国家社会主義者ラッサールが、自由主義国家をブルジョア的私有財産の番人・夜警として批判したことに由来する。19世紀末以降、各国において社会・労働問題が顕在化すると、これらの問題を解決するために国家は積極的に社会・労働・経済政策に取り組むべしという福祉国家・社会国家・行政国家の考えが登場した。 [田中 浩] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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