Kamo Rebellion

A peasant uprising occurred in September 1836 (Tenpo 7) mainly in Kamo County, Mikawa Province (Aichi Prefecture). Triggered by a sudden rise in prices due to a poor harvest that year, several thousand farmers from Kamo and Nukata counties attacked many local merchants in Asuke Town (Toyoda City) and other areas, demanding a reduction in the rate of tax payments, a reduction in the value of goods, and the suspension of the Tanomoshiko Association (a group of people who support the family). Participants are said to have chanted "reform the world," and the territory of the participating villages (7 towns and 240 villages) was extensive, spanning the Shogunate's territory, five feudal domains, and 19 bannerman's territories, making this a typical example of a widespread uprising to reform the world. This had a serious impact on the feudal lords of the Tenpo period (1830-1844) such as Mizuno Tadakuni, and Tokugawa Nariaki, in his petition to the shogunate on the need for political reform, cited the Kamo Rebellion along with the Oshio Rebellion as examples of "internal and external troubles." The record of this rebellion, Kamo no Sawadachi, is famous as an early example of the expression "social reform" in rebellion documents, and it realistically describes the destruction and the rebellion leader Tatsuzo's scathing criticism of the feudal lord.

[Jun Saito]

"The History of Toyota City, Vol. 2" (1981, Toyota City) ▽ "Seiji Nunokawa, A Study of the Intellectual History of Peasant Riots" (1970, Miraisha) ▽ "The Mikawa Kamo Rebellion and the Crisis of Hatamoto Lordship Control" by Jun Saito (included in "People's Struggles and Social Change in the Tenpo Period, Vol. 1" 1980, Azekura Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1836年（天保7）9月に三河(みかわ)国（愛知県）加茂郡を中心に起こった百姓一揆。同年の凶作による物価暴騰をきっかけに、9月21～25日に加茂、額田(ぬかた)両郡の農民ら一万数千人が、年貢金納相場引下げ、物価値下げ、頼母子講(たのもしこう)休会などの要求を掲げ、足助(あすけ)町（豊田(とよた)市）などの多数の在郷商人らの打毀(うちこわし)をした。参加者は「世直し」を呼号したといわれ、また参加村7町240か村の領域は幕領、5藩領、19旗本領にまたがる広範囲なもので、広域闘争、世直し一揆の典型の一つである。このため水野忠邦(ただくに)ら天保(てんぽう)期（1830～44）の幕藩領主層に深刻な影響を与え、徳川斉昭(なりあき)は政治改革の必要を将軍に建白した『戊戌封事(ぼじゅつふうじ)』のなかで、「内憂外患」の一例として大塩の乱とともに加茂一揆をあげている。この一揆の記録『鴨(かも)の騒立(さわだち)』は、一揆文献のなかで「世直し」の表現がみられる早い例として有名であり、打毀のようすや一揆指導者辰蔵(たつぞう)が痛烈に領主を批判する姿などをリアルに描写している。

［齋藤　純］

『『豊田市史　第2巻』（1981・豊田市）』▽『布川清司著『農民騒擾の思想史的研究』（1970・未来社）』▽『齋藤純著『三河加茂一揆と旗本領主支配の危機』（『天保期の人民闘争と社会変革　上』所収・1980・校倉書房）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例