Welfare Commissioner - Minsei Iin

Japanese: 民生委員 - みんせいいいん
Welfare Commissioner - Minsei Iin

A private volunteer who provides independent activities such as consultation, advice, and assistance to improve the welfare of local residents, and cooperates with welfare offices. Its predecessor was the Welfare Advisor System established in Okayama Prefecture in 1917 (Taisho 6) and the Area Commissioner System launched in Osaka the following year. It became a subsidiary organization of the Relief Law implemented in 1932 (Showa 7), and was given legal basis by the Area Commissioner Order in 1937. It was renamed Welfare Commissioner by the Welfare Commissioner Order in 1946 (Showa 21), and the following year, the Child Welfare Law (Law No. 164, 1947) made it possible for them to serve as child welfare commissioners as well, and the system was completed in 1948 with the Welfare Commissioner Law (Law No. 198, 1948). The duties of the Welfare Commissioner are to grasp the living conditions of local residents, respond to consultations of those who need assistance, provide necessary information and other assistance, cooperate with the work of welfare offices and other related administrative agencies, and maintain close contact with those who carry out social welfare projects and help them with their work. They are appointed by the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare, and serve a three-year term without salary. The duties of the welfare commissioners are supervised by the prefectural governor, who must provide training for the welfare commissioners. As of March 2015, there were 231,339 commissioned members out of a total of 236,296 (FY2014 welfare administration report), resulting in vacancies and a lack of candidates being a major issue.

[Kazuhiko Yokoyama and Rie Iwanaga, July 19, 2016]

[Reference] | Child Welfare Law | Public Assistance | Welfare Office | Area Commissioner System

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

地域住民の福祉向上のための相談、助言、援助などの自主的な活動や、福祉事務所などへの協力活動を行う民間奉仕者。前身は1917年(大正6)岡山県に設けられた済世顧問制度と翌年大阪に発足した方面委員制度である。1932年(昭和7)実施の救護法の補助機関となり、1937年の方面委員令により法的根拠が与えられた。1946年(昭和21)民生委員令で民生委員と改称、翌年の児童福祉法(昭和22年法律第164号)で児童委員を兼ねることになり、1948年、民生委員法(昭和23年法律第198号)によりこの制度は完成をみた。職務は、地域住民の生活状態を把握し、援助を必要とする者の相談に応じ、必要な情報の提供その他の援助を行うこと、福祉事務所その他の関係行政機関の業務に協力すること、社会福祉に関する事業を行う者と密接に連絡し、その業務を助けることなどである。厚生労働大臣が委嘱し、任期は3年で無給である。民生委員は、その職務に関して、都道府県知事の指揮監督を受け、都道府県知事は、民生委員の指導訓練を実施しなければならない。2015年(平成27)3月の時点で、定数23万6296人に対し、委嘱数は23万1339人で(平成26年度福祉行政報告例)、欠員が生じており、なり手不足が大きな課題となっている。

[横山和彦・岩永理恵 2016年7月19日]

[参照項目] | 児童福祉法 | 生活保護 | 福祉事務所 | 方面委員制度

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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