The capital of the Sakha Republic in the eastern part of the Russian Federation. A river port city on the left bank of the middle reaches of the Lena River. Population 195,500 (1999). A major highway leads to Belkakit Station on the BAM Railway, and it is a transportation hub with an airport. Industries include ship repair, furniture, leather and footwear, construction materials, sewing, and food (dairy, fish, alcohol, meat). It is also an educational and cultural center, with a national university and schools, a branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and its permafrost research institute, museums, and theaters. It originated as a stockade (fortress) built on the right bank of the Lena River in 1632, and later moved to the left bank. From the 17th century to the first half of the 18th century, it was the base for Russian exploration and colonization in the Far East. A penal colony during the imperial era. Since April 1922, it has been the capital of the Yakut Autonomous Republic (Sakha Republic in 1991). [Masatoshi Mikami] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア連邦東部、サハ共和国の首都。レナ川の中流左岸にある河港都市。人口19万5500(1999)。バム鉄道のベルカキート駅へ幹線自動車道が通じ、空港もある交通の要地。船舶修理、家具、皮革・履き物、建設資材、縫製、食料品(乳業、魚、酒、肉)などの工業がある。国立総合大学と諸学校、ロシア科学アカデミー支部とその永久凍土研究所、博物館、劇場などがあって、教育・文化の中心地ともなっている。起源は1632年にレナ川右岸に建設された柵(さく)(要塞(ようさい))で、のちに左岸へ移った。17世紀から18世紀前半まで、極東におけるロシアの探検や植民活動の根拠地となった。帝政時代の流刑地。1922年4月からヤクート自治共和国(1991年サハ共和国)の首都。 [三上正利] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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