Morrison, Toni

Japanese: モリソン（英語表記）Morrison, Toni

Born: February 18, 1931 in Lorraine, Ohio
[Died] August 5, 2019. New York, New York. Writer and editor. Real name Chloe Anthony Wofford. Raised in the Midwest as an African-American, she graduated from Howard University in 1953 and received an M.A. in English from Cornell University in 1955. After teaching at Texas Southern University for two years, she also taught at Howard University from 1957 to 1964. From 1965, she worked as a literary editor for the publishing company Random House, where she focused on nurturing young black female writers. From 1984, she taught at the State University of New York, and from 1989 to 2006, she was a professor in the School of Humanities at Princeton University. Her first novel, The Bluest Eye (1970), is a tragic story about a black girl who is obsessed with the delusion of wanting blue eyes. Her second novel, Sula (1973), explores the power of fraternity and hopes for cooperation within a community. She won the National Book Critics Award and the American Academy of Arts and Letters Award for Song of Solomon (1977), which tells the story of a young man searching for his own identity, and then won the Pulitzer Prize for Beloved in 1987 after Tar Baby (1981). Her fantastical, supple, and poetic style, and the richness of her myths, give her stories strength and a unique style. She has continued to assert her presence as a black woman in a white, male-dominated American society, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993. In 2012, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Morrison
Morrison, Robert

Born January 5, 1782 in Morpeth, Northumberland
[Died] August 1, 1834. British missionary and Chinese scholar in Guangzhou. Ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1807, he set out on a mission to Guangdong, where he laid the foundation for the Protestant mission in China. Within two years, he had mastered Chinese, and in 1809 became a translator for the British East India Company, a position he held for the rest of his life alongside his pastoral duties. His works include A Grammar of the Chinese Language (1815), A Dictionary of the Chinese Language, in Three Parts (3 volumes, 15-23), and a Chinese translation of the Bible (21). Morrison's name was already known in Japan, and Takano Choei mistook the Edo Shogunate for Morrison in the incident in which the Shogunate repelled the American merchant ship Morrison, and together with Watanabe Kazan and others, criticized the Shogunate's attitude in the Bansha no Goku Incident. This was one of the causes of the Bansha no Goku Incident.

Morrison
Morrison, Herbert Stanley, Baron Morrison of Lambeth

Born: January 3, 1888, London
[Died] March 6, 1965. Sidcup, Kent. British politician. After graduating from primary school, he worked in a shop and other places, and joined the Labour Party in 1908. In 1914 he was a part-time secretary of the London branch of the Labour Party. He opposed World War I and was a conscientious objector. He was a member of the House of Commons from 1923 to 1924, 1929 to 1931, and 1935 to 1959, and was Secretary of State for Transport from 1929 to 1931. He was Minister for Supplies in W. Churchill's wartime cabinet in 1940, Home Secretary and Minister for Security from 1940 to 1945, Deputy Prime Minister in C. Attlee's cabinet from 1945 to 1951, President of the Privy Council, and Whip of the House of Commons, Foreign Secretary in 1951, and Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1951 to 1955. He contributed to the expansion of the party organization in the London area, and was also known as a theorist.

Morrison
Morrison, George Ernest

Born: 4 February 1862, Geelong
[Died] May 30, 1920. Devoran Australian newspaper journalist and doctor. He worked as a doctor in Morocco and his home country, but in 1895 he became a correspondent for the London Times and was active in Southeast Asia. In 1897 he went to Beijing, and in 1912 he became an adviser to the Republic of China government, working hard to foster the nation. He also attended the Paris Peace Conference as an adviser to the Chinese representative. The documents he collected on the Far East are known as the Morrison Collection, and in 1917, Iwasaki Hisaya purchased them, forming the basis for the founding of the Toyo Bunko Library.

Morrison
Morrison, William Ralls

Born September 14, 1825, near Waterloo, Illinois
Died: September 29, 1909, Waterlo, Illinois. American lawyer and politician. Served as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois from 1863 to 1865 and from 1873 to 1887, and criticized protective tariffs. He was a member of the Interstate Commerce Committee from 1887 to 1897, and during that time served as its chairman from 1892 to 1897, and attacked railroad privileges, discriminatory fares, and kickbacks.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1931.2.18. オハイオ，ロレーン
[没]2019.8.5. ニューヨーク，ニューヨーク
アメリカ合衆国の作家，編集者。本名 Chloe Anthony Wofford。アフリカ系アメリカ人として中西部で育ち，1953年ハワード大学を卒業，1955年コーネル大学で英文学修士号を取得。テキサス南部大学で 2年間教えたのち，1957～64年ハワード大学でも教壇に立った。1965年から出版社ランダムハウスの文芸編集者として若手の黒人女流作家の育成に力を注いだ。1984年からニューヨーク州立大学で教え，1989～2006年プリンストン大学人文科学部教授。第1作『青い眼が欲しい』The Bluest Eye（1970）は青い眼が欲しいという妄想にとりつかれた黒人少女の悲劇を綴った小説。第2作『スーラ』Sula（1973）では共同体のなかでの友愛の力と協調への期待を探った。自己のアイデンティティを追求する青年を主人公にした『ソロモンの歌』Song of Solomon（1977）で全米図書批評家賞とアメリカ芸術院賞を受賞，『タール・ベイビー』Tar Baby（1981）を経て，1987年『ビラブド，愛されし者』Belovedでピュリッツァー賞を受賞。幻想的かつしなやかで詩的な文体，神話の織りなす豊かさが物語に力強さと独自の作風を生んだ。白人支配かつ男性優位のアメリカ社会のなかで黒人女性としての存在を主張し続け，1993年ノーベル文学賞（→ノーベル賞）を受賞。2012年には大統領自由勲章を受章した。

モリソン
Morrison， Robert

[生]1782.1.5. ノーサンバーランド，モーペス
[没]1834.8.1. 広州
イギリスの宣教師，中国学者。 1807年長老派牧師に任じられ，広東に宣教に出発，プロテスタンティズムの中国宣教の基礎をつくった。2年足らずで中国語に精通し，09年イギリス東インド会社の翻訳官となり，牧師のかたわら生涯この職にあった。著作としては『シナ語文法』A Grammar of the Chinese Language (1815) ，『シナ語辞典』A Dictionary of the Chinese Language，in Three Parts (3巻，15～23) ，聖書の中国語訳 (21) などがある。モリソンの名は当時すでに日本にも知られており，江戸幕府によるアメリカ商船『モリソン』号撃退事件を高野長英がモリソンと誤解し，渡辺崋山らと幕府の態度を批判したが，これが蛮社の獄の一因となった。

モリソン
Morrison， Herbert Stanley， Baron Morrison of Lambeth

[生]1888.1.3. ロンドン
[没]1965.3.6. ケント，シドカップ
イギリスの政治家。小学校を出たのち商店などで働き，1908年労働党入党。 14年労働党ロンドン支部非常勤書記，第1次世界大戦に反対，良心的兵役拒否をした。 23～24，29～31，35～59年下院議員，29～31年運輸相，40年 W.チャーチル戦時内閣の供給相，40～45年内相，治安相，45～51年 C.アトリー内閣の副首相，枢密院議長，下院院内幹事，51年外相，51～55年労働党副党首。ロンドン地区党組織拡充に貢献し，理論家としても知られた。

モリソン
Morrison， George Ernest

[生]1862.2.4. ジーロング
[没]1920.5.30. デボラン
オーストラリアの新聞記者，医者。モロッコと母国で医者をしていたが，1895年『ロンドン・タイムズ』通信員となり，東南アジアで活躍。 97年北京におもむき，1912年中華民国政府顧問となって，民国育成に尽力。また，パリ講和会議に中国代表顧問として出席。彼が集めた極東関係の文献はモリソン文庫として名高く，17年岩崎久弥がこれを購入して，東洋文庫設立の基礎とした。

モリソン
Morrison， William Ralls

[生]1825.9.14. イリノイ，ウォータールー近郊
[没]1909.9.29. イリノイ，ウォータールー
アメリカの法律家，政治家。 1863～65，73～87年イリノイ州選出の民主党連邦下院議員をつとめ，保護関税を非難。 87～97年州際通商委員会メンバー，その間 92～97年その委員長として，鉄道の特権，差別運賃，リベートなどを攻撃した。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Morrison Incident

>>: Mori Sosen - Mori Sosen