relief

Japanese: relief

…a sculpture that stands out in three dimensions from the background surface, and whose depth is compressed compared to sculpture in the round. It is also called relief, and is a term of sculpture originating from the Italian rilievo. Strictly speaking, it is distinguished from sculptures made of simple engraved lines, such as the rock carvings of Tassili n'Ajjer, and also from complete sculptures in the round that are fixed to the background wall, such as the gable carvings of Greek temples and the statues of Gothic cathedrals. …

From [Terrain]

…However, height is the data for each point, and topography is not a set of points but a surface made up of a collection of points, and is a concept that treats it as a solid object. Relief refers to the unevenness of the earth's surface, and is expressed by the difference in height between adjacent points. However, if the two points are on a uniformly sloping surface, the difference in height is a numerical value indicating the slope, and if this is divided by the distance between the two points, it becomes the tangent, from which only the slope angle can be calculated. …

*Some terminology explanations that mention "relief" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…背景をなす面より彫刻が立体的に浮き出し，しかもその彫刻の奥行きが丸彫彫刻に比較して圧縮されているもの。レリーフreliefともいい，イタリア語rilievoに始まる彫刻の用語である。厳密には，単なる刻線によるもの，たとえばタッシリ･ナジェールの岩壁刻線画とは区別され，またギリシアの神殿の破風彫刻やゴシック大聖堂の彫像のように，完全な丸彫彫刻を背景壁面に固定したものとも区別される。…

【地形】より

…しかし高さは各点のデータであり，地形は点ではなくその集合のつくる面から成り，さらに立体として扱う概念である。　起伏reliefは地表の凹凸のようすをいい，隣接する地点の高さの差異で示される。ただし一様に傾く斜面上の2点間であれば，高さの差は傾斜を示す数値となり，これを2点間の距離で割れば正接tangentとなり，これから傾斜角度のみが算出される。…

※「relief」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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