...It is not clear when and how the distinction between patricians and plebeians began, but from the beginning of the Republic, the patricians closed off their status and privileged themselves, which caused a backlash from the plebeians. The powerful plebeians wanted equal rights with the patricians, while the poor wanted land and safety and freedom from the tyranny of the patrician magistrates (magistratus), and the plebeians left the city in large numbers and barricaded themselves in the nearby Holy Mountain (Mons Sacer). The patricians made concessions, and as a result, the two roles of tribunes and market officials (aediles) who protected the rights of the plebeians, and the assembly of the plebeians only (the Plebeian Assembly) were created... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "magistratus" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…貴族と平民の区別が,いつどのようにして始まったか明らかではないが,共和政に入ったころから貴族はその身分を閉鎖し自らを特権化したので,これに対して平民の反発が起こった。平民の中の有力者は貴族との同権化を欲し,貧民は土地と,貴族の政務官(マギストラトゥスmagistratus)の横暴からの安全と自由などを求め,平民は大挙してローマ市から退去して近くの聖山(モンス・サケル)に立てこもった。貴族は譲歩し,その結果平民の権利を守る護民官と市場管理官(アエディレスaediles)の2役と,平民だけの集会(平民会。… ※「magistratus」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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