Monod, Jacques

Japanese: モノ(英語表記)Monod, Jacques
Monod, Jacques
Born: February 9, 1910, Paris
Died May 31, 1976. French biochemist who contributed to the elucidation of the mechanism of metabolic regulation in Cannes. Full name Jacques Lucien Monod. After graduating from the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Paris, he became an assistant professor there in 1931 and an associate professor in 1934. In 1936, he studied in the United States. In 1945, he joined the Institut Pasteur. He was professor at the University of Paris from 1959 to 1968, and director of the Institut Pasteur in 1971. He discovered that changes in bacterial enzyme synthesis occur when the composition of the medium is changed, and studied this mechanism in collaboration with Francois Jacob. In 1961, he proposed the operon theory regarding the regulatory mechanism of genetic information expression, which was later proven to be correct. In 1963, he discovered the allosteric effect, which brought about a major advance in elucidating the mechanism of metabolic regulation at the enzyme reaction stage. In 1965, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Jacob and André Lwoff for his research into the regulatory mechanism of enzyme synthesis in bacteria. In 1970, he wrote Le Hasard et la nécessité (Chance and Necessity), which caused a great sensation by presenting a materialistic worldview based on the findings of molecular biology.

mono
Monod, Gabriel

Born: March 7, 1844, Argouville, near Le Havre
Died April 10, 1912. French historian in Versailles. He introduced German historiographical methods, and became a professor at the École Pratique des Études in 1868. In 1876, he founded the Revue historique (Historical Journal). In 1905, he became a professor at the Collège de France. He was an ardent supporter of Dreyfus, and was subjected to fierce attacks from the right-wing C. Moras. His main works were Études critiques sur les sources de l'histoire mérovingienne (Critical Studies of the Merovingian Sources) (1872-85) and Bibliographie de l'histoire de France (Bibliography of the History of France) (88).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1910.2.9. パリ
[没]1976.5.31. カンヌ
代謝調節の機構解明に貢献したフランスの生化学者。フルネーム Jacques Lucien Monod。パリ大学理学部卒業後,1931年同大学助手,1934年助教授となる。 1936年アメリカ合衆国留学。 1945年パスツール研究所に入る。 1959~68年パリ大学教授兼任,1971年パスツール研究所所長。培地の組成を変えることによって細菌の酵素合成に変化の生じることを発見,フランソア・ジャコブと共同でその機構を研究し,1961年遺伝情報発現の調節機構に関するオペロン説を立て,この説はのちに正しいことが実証された。 1963年にはアロステリック効果を見出し,酵素反応の段階での代謝調節の機構解明に大きな前進をもたらした。 1965年,細菌における酵素合成の調節機構に関する研究により,ジャコブ,アンドレ・ルウォフとともにノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞。 1970年,『偶然と必然』 Le Hasard et la nécessitéを著わし,分子生物学の知見を基礎とした唯物論的世界観を示して,大きな反響を呼んだ。

モノ
Monod, Gabriel

[生]1844.3.7. ルアーブル近郊アルグービル
[没]1912.4.10. ベルサイユ
フランスの歴史家。ドイツ史学の方法を導入し,1868年エコール・プラティック・デゾートゼチュードの教授となり,76年『史学雑誌』 Revue historiqueを創刊。 1905年コレージュ・ド・フランスの教授。熱烈なドレフュス派で,右翼の C.モラスの激しい攻撃を受けた。主著『メロビング王朝史料の批判的研究』 Études critiques sur les sources de l'histoire mérovingienne (1872~85) ,『フランス史の文献目録』 Bibliographie de l'histoire de France (88) 。

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