qarya

Japanese: qarya
qarya

...The term "sacred Balad" refers to Mecca, and villages in Egypt and Iraq were also called Balad. However, Balad as a village is often used to mean an administrative village, as opposed to a natural village (qarya), and in this case, it was understood by the central government as a unit for collecting taxes. The plural form of Balad, bilād al-islām, refers to the area within the scope of Muslim sovereignty, and this can be said to be related to the awareness of a region as one's own "country" (balad) in relation to foreign powers such as the Crusaders and the Mongol army.

From [Village]

...The fact that the term 'difkan', which once wielded great authority in Iranian society, came to be used to refer to peasants in general by the 11th century is a good indicator of the changes that have taken place over this time. In the Middle East during the Islamic period, an Arab village was generally called a qarya, which corresponds to the Iranian dih and the Turkish köy. However, in Arab society, a village that the government recognized as a unit for collecting taxes was usually called a balad, which could consist of one qarya or two small villages.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "qarya" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…〈聖なるバラド〉といえばメッカのことであるし,エジプトやイラクのむらもまたバラドと呼ばれた。もっとも,むらとしてのバラドは,自然村(カルヤqarya)に対して,行政村の意味に用いられることが多く,この場合には,中央政府により租税徴収の単位として把握された。またバラドの複数形を用いてビラード・アルイスラームbilād al‐islāmといえば,ムスリムの主権が及ぶ範囲の地域をさすが,これは十字軍やモンゴル軍などの外国勢力に対して一地方を自らの〈国〉(バラド)として意識することに通じるものであったといえる。…

【村】より

…かつてイラン社会で大きな権限を振るったディフカーンが,11世紀ころまでには,農民一般を指す言葉として用いられるようになったことが,この間の変化をよく物語っている。 イスラム時代の中東では,アラブのむらを一般にカルヤqaryaといい,イランのディーフdīh,トルコのキョイköyがこれに相当する。しかしアラブ社会の場合には,政府が租税徴収の単位として把握するむらはバラドと呼ばれるのが普通であり,これは一つのカルヤからなることもあれば,二つの小村からなっていることもあった。…

※「qarya」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

<<:  qaṣaba (flute) (English spelling) qasaba

>>:  Qasim (English spelling)

Recommend

payola

...In this system, the publishers would make song...

《Nouveaux dialogues des morts》 (English notation)

…He moved to Paris and was looked after by his ma...

Enric Prat de la Riba

1870‐1917 A theorist and politician in the Catalan...

Cheoljong - Tetsuso

1076‐1100 Zhao Jie (Zhao Ji), the seventh emperor ...

ink sac (English spelling) inksac

…the ink sac is an organ unique to the cephalopod...

Old Matsu Kazuyoshi - Oimatsu Kazukichi

...But it was after World War II that the sport s...

《Help! 》 (English) Help

... The years 1965-67 were the peak of The Beatle...

Gauss' theorem

...This is called the mean value property. Conver...

Different capacity three-phase four-wire system

...Also, by installing an autotransformer as a ba...

Odo von Metz

...However, the cultural policy of the time of Ch...

Hinomisaki Shrine

Located in Hinomisaki, Taisha-cho, Izumo City, Sh...

Guinness PLC

A major British alcoholic beverage company. Founde...

Ukezaki Clivia - Ukezaki Clivia

...A perennial plant of the Amaryllidaceae family...

Elera, JJde - Elera

…The name of this style is derived from Juan de H...

Synthetic stone

…Before that, although they looked similar, they ...