Hard (hard) porridge - Hard porridge

Japanese: 固（堅）粥 - かたかゆ

…In the old days, steamed rice was called ii (rice) and boiled rice was called kayu (porridge). Rice porridge is divided into solid porridge and soup porridge depending on its hardness, with today's rice being solid porridge and soup porridge being kayu. In addition to white porridge made from boiled white rice, originally porridge was also made from millet, barnyard millet, and wheat. …

From 【Strong Meal】

...Rice steamed in a steamer or a rice cooker. As Yamanoue Okura's "Poor Question and Answer Song" in Volume Five of the Manyoshu says, "Spiders' webs hang in the steamer, and I forget to cook rice," originally rice was steamed. Rice boiled with water, as it is today, is soft, so it was called hime-i (princess rice) or katagayu (hard rice porridge). As hime-meshi became popular as an everyday food, it came to be called kowai, shortened to okowa, and then kowameshi, and it was often made with glutinous rice and eaten on special days.

From 【Rice】

…There are two ways to cook rice: boiling and steaming. In ancient Japan, rice steamed in a steamer was called 'ii', and rice boiled in water was called 'kayu'. Rice porridge was divided into 'katagayu' (hard porridge) and 'shirukayu' (soup porridge) depending on its hardness. Modern rice corresponds to this type of 'katagayu', and because it is softer than 'kyomai', it was also called 'himei' (princess rice). …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "hard porridge" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…古くは米を蒸したものを飯（いい）と呼び，煮たものを粥と称した。固さによって固粥と汁粥とにわけ，現在の飯は固粥，粥は汁粥にあたる。白米を煮た白粥のほか，もとはアワ，ヒエ，麦なども粥にされていた。…

【強飯】より

…甑（こしき）やせいろうで蒸した飯。《万葉集》巻五の山上憶良の〈貧窮問答歌〉に〈甑には蜘蛛の巣懸（か）きて飯（いい）炊（かし）く事も忘れて〉とあるように，もともと飯といえば蒸したものであった。今のように水を加えて煮た飯はやわらかいために姫飯（ひめいい），堅粥（かたがゆ）などと呼ばれた。姫飯が日常食として普及するにともなって〈こわいい〉，略して〈おこわ〉，さらに〈こわめし〉というようになり，多くもち米を用いて物日（ものび）に食するようになった。…

【飯】より

…飯の炊き方には煮る方法と蒸す方法とがあり，古く日本では甑（こしき）で蒸した強飯（こわめし）を飯（いい）と呼び，水を入れて煮たものを粥（かゆ）といった。粥はその固さによって固粥（かたがゆ）と汁粥（しるかゆ）に分けられた。現在の飯はこの固粥にあたり，強飯に比べると軟らかいので姫飯（ひめいい）とも呼んだ。…

※「固（堅）粥」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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