R. Jhering's legal theory, which considers the formation and function of law from the perspective of the practical purpose set by humans, is symbolized by the proposition that "purpose is the creator of all law." Based on the foundations of the historical school of law and influenced by J. Bentham's utilitarian ideas, Jhering criticized the historical school's idea that "law is the product of the national spirit" as being unable to explain the adoption of Roman law in Europe, and instead overcame the historical school of law by explaining the adoption from the perspective that human purpose is the driving force behind human social life and the creator of all systems and culture, thereby establishing teleological jurisprudence. The main achievement of this jurisprudence can be seen in the fact that it pointed out the gap between positive law and reality in so-called conceptual jurisprudence, the illusion of the logical completeness of positive law, and that this point of view was the beginning of the free law movement. This jurisprudence had a great influence, and similar tendencies can be seen in interest jurisprudence and pragmatism jurisprudence. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
法の形成や機能を人間が設定する実際的な目的という観点からとらえた,R.イェーリングの法理論。「目的はあらゆる法の創造者である」という命題に象徴されている。歴史法学派の基盤に立ち,J.ベンサムの功利主義思想の影響を受けたイェーリングは,「法が民族精神の所産である」という歴史法学派の観念ではヨーロッパにおけるローマ法の継受を説明しえないと批判し,むしろ人間の目的こそ人間社会生活の原動力であり,一切の制度,文化の創造者であるという視点からその継受を説明することによって歴史法学派を克服し,目的法学を樹立した。いわゆる概念法学における実定法と現実のずれ,実定法の論理的完結性という幻想を指摘したこと,この指摘が自由法運動の発端になったといったところに,この法学の主たる功績がみられる。この法学の与えた影響は大きく,利益法学,プラグマティズム法学にも同様な傾向がみられる。
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