Japanese mitten crab - Mokkuzugani (English name)

Japanese: モクズガニ - もくずがに(英語表記)Japanese mitten crab
Japanese mitten crab - Mokkuzugani (English name)

This crab belongs to the family Grapsidae, order Decapoda, class Crustacea, phylum Arthropoda. It is called Kawagani, Kegani, Zugani, etc. in various places and is eaten. It is distributed from Sakhalin, Hokkaido to the Ryukyu Islands, southern part of the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and is also known from the Ogasawara Islands. The carapace is 6 cm wide or more, and the outline is a rounded rectangle. The calyx protrudes in a wavy shape. There are three broad teeth and one vestigial tooth on the front edge of the carapace. The claws are the same size on both sides. The entire palm and the base of both fingers are densely covered with long soft hairs, making the surface invisible. It lives in the middle reaches of rivers, but goes down the river to spawn, spawns two or three times, and then goes up the river again about six months after releasing the larvae. Some individuals seem to remain in the intertidal zone. A closely related species, the Chinese mitten crab E. sinensis (recently also called the Chinese mitten crab), is imported for food under the name of Shanghai crab. It is very similar to the mitten crab, but its front and front teeth are much sharper. It borders the mitten crab on the Yellow Sea coast of the Korean Peninsula, near Chungcheongnam-do, and lives in creeks throughout China. It is now commonly found in rivers throughout Europe, but it is thought that young crabs were carried in with the water in ships' holds from the Yellow River or Yangtze River, making it a good example of artificial migration of crustaceans.

[Masamichi Takeda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

節足動物門甲殻綱十脚(じっきゃく)目イワガニ科に属するカニ。各地でカワガニ、ケガニ、ズガニなどとよび、食用にする。樺太(からふと)(サハリン)、北海道から琉球(りゅうきゅう)諸島、朝鮮半島南部、台湾、香港(ホンコン)に分布し、小笠原(おがさわら)諸島からも知られている。甲幅6センチメートルあるいはそれ以上に達し、甲の輪郭は丸みのある四角形。額(がく)は波状に張り出す。甲の前側縁には幅広い3歯と痕跡(こんせき)的な1歯がある。はさみ脚(あし)は左右同大。掌部全面と両指基部に長い軟毛が密に生えており、表面は見えない。川の中流域で生活するが、産卵のために川を下り、2、3回産卵し、幼生を放出した約半年後にふたたび川を上る。一部の個体はそのまま潮間帯に残るらしい。近縁種のシナモクズガニE. sinensis(近年はチュウゴクモクズガニともよばれる)はシャンハイガニの名で食用として輸入されている。モクズガニによく似ているが、額歯、前側縁歯ともずっと鋭い。朝鮮半島の黄海沿岸、忠清南道付近でモクズガニと分布を接し、中国全土のクリークに生息する。現在ではヨーロッパ各地の河川にごく普通にみられるが、幼ガニが黄河か揚子江(ようすこう)から船倉の水とともに運ばれたと考えられ、甲殻類の人為的移住の好例となっている。

[武田正倫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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