Winter chrysanthemum - kanchuku

Japanese: 寒ギク - かんぎく
Winter chrysanthemum - kanchuku

According to statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the total production value of cut chrysanthemums accounts for more than one-third of the total production value of cut flowers and potted plants, making them the number one commercially distributed flower. Chrysanthemums are also produced and shipped throughout the year, including electric light chrysanthemums (a method of delaying flowering by using electric lights) shipped from December to April, summer chrysanthemums, August/September blooming chrysanthemums, winter chrysanthemums (flowering from December to January), and shade-grown chrysanthemums.
[Cultivation history]
Chrysanthemums were introduced to Japan from China in the early Nara period.

From [Shade cultivation]


[Shade cultivation of chrysanthemums]
The flowering period of chrysanthemums varies depending on the variety, with some varieties blooming in late April under normal cultivation to early February of the following year. Of these, autumn chrysanthemums and winter chrysanthemums, which flower from September onwards, are typical short-day plants, and in order to make them bloom during the long day period of June to August, they must be subjected to short-day treatment (making the day length around 11 hours) by covering them with black cloth or similar for a few hours after sunrise and before sunset 45 to 50 days before flowering. In Europe and the United States, autumn chrysanthemums are grown year-round using a combination of shading and electric lighting cultivation.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "winter chrysanthemum" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…農林水産省の統計によれば,キクの切花全体の生産額は切花・鉢物の生産額の1/3以上を占め,商業的に流通している花卉の第1位を占めている。またその生産も電照ギク(電灯照明で開花をおくらせる方法)で12~4月中に出荷するものや,夏ギク,8・9月咲きギクや,寒ギク(12~1月に開花)または遮光栽培などで一年中出荷されている。
[栽培史]
 キクが中国から日本に渡ってきたのは奈良時代の初期であった。…

【遮光栽培】より


[キクの遮光栽培]
 キクの開花期は品種によって異なり,普通の栽培で4月下旬に開花するものから翌年の2月上旬に開花するものまである。このうち9月以降に開花する秋ギク,寒ギクは代表的な短日植物で,長日期間である6~8月に開花させるためには,開花の45~50日前から日の出後と日没前の数時間を黒布などで被覆する短日処理(日長を11時間前後にする)をしなければならない。欧米では遮光栽培,電照栽培などを組み合わせて秋ギクの周年栽培を行っている。…

※「寒ギク」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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