Sea fishing - Umizuri

Japanese: 海釣り - うみづり

A general term for fishing for saltwater fish. There are several types of sea fishing, depending on the fishing method and the place where you fish. The four main types are offshore fishing, reef fishing, casting fishing, and breakwater fishing.

[Toshio Matsuda]

Offshore fishing

This is boat fishing, and in very shallow waters, the target fish are goby, Japanese whiting, flounder, and rockfish. It is also called shallow water boat fishing or nearby water boat fishing. In deep waters, fish are caught for alfonsino, grouper, black rockfish, Pacific cod, and other fish. With the development of fishing rods and reels, anglers now venture to depths of around 800 meters. This is also called deep water fishing or deep sea fishing. Fish caught at depths between shallow water fishing and deep sea fishing include sea bream, grunt, horse mackerel, mackerel, rockfish, and rockfish.

Offshore fishing can be further divided into "drift fishing," "hook fishing," and "pull fishing" based on the movement of the boat. Drift fishing is done by letting the boat drift with the tide, as opposed to hook fishing, where the boat is anchored on the surface of the ocean. Pull fishing, also known as trolling, involves slowly pulling in a lure by using a boat.

Boats that carry anglers are called recreational fishing boats, as opposed to professional fishing boats. They range from 2-3 people, to larger boats that can carry more than 40 people, and are equipped with fish finders, radar, radios, and ship-to-ship telephones. There are shared boats and chartered boats. Shared boats can be boarded without a reservation, as long as you show up to the boat lodge by the designated departure time, as long as the boat is not full. They will depart even if there are only a few anglers. Chartered boats, on the other hand, require reservations and are chartered boats. Chartered boats are suitable for fishing with just a group, but the fare is usually a little more expensive than shared boats.

In areas where shared or chartered boats are not available, there is also the option of a piggyback shared boat. This is a method of fishing by getting on board a professional fishing boat, but because professional fishing takes priority, you will have to follow the other party's rules regarding departure and return times, etc. In areas where shared or chartered boats are well developed, rental rods, fishing tackle, and bait are always available, so you can enjoy a day of fishing even if you go out empty-handed.

[Toshio Matsuda]

Rock fishing

This refers to fishing from rocky shorelines. The most popular target fish are the stonefish and the spotted porgy, and these two are called ishimono (stone fish). There are also many other target fish such as parrotfish, black sea bream, black porgy, and sea bitterling. Target fish for super-big game fishing include the moroko, dogtooth tuna, and black fin jack, while thrilling fish with a strong pull and a sudden rush are the striped jack and yellowtail amberjack. Fishing spots are called jiiso, which are connected to the mainland, and okine, or okiiso, which are offshore and can be reached by ferry. Depending on the location, the footing can be rough and dangerous, so the All Japan Surf Fishing Federation and the Japan Surf Fishing Association, which are national organizations, have made it a rule that life-saving equipment must be carried to prevent accidents at sea.

[Toshio Matsuda]

Surfing

Using a rod and reel, the tackle is cast far away. In this sense, casting is also a type of rock fishing. However, casting generally refers to fishing for Japanese whiting, ishimochi, and flatfish from the beach or breakwater, and is sometimes differentiated from shore casting and breakwater casting.

A special casting rod and spinning reel are used to cast the bait 100 to 120 meters away. Sport casting is a sport where the only thing competing is the distance you can cast, and you use a line and weight of a specified thickness. Surf trolling is when you use a lure, cast it from the shore, slowly reel it in, and catch sea bass, Spanish mackerel, flounder, and other fish.

[Toshio Matsuda]

Breakwater fishing

In western Japan, this is called pier fishing. Fishing spots include breakwaters, quays, and wave-dissipating blocks at fishing ports. You can get to the breakwaters offshore from the nearest ferry inn. Depending on the season, a variety of fish come from offshore, and some fish make their home near the breakwaters, so there is almost no off-season.

The above are the main types of sea fishing, but there are also some unique types, such as ladder fishing for blue whiting in Tokyo Bay, which was done before the reclamation of the bay. In addition, construction plans for paid sea fishing piers have been underway in each prefecture recently, and some areas have been completed and are attracting popularity among anglers.

In addition, there is no fishing fee to enjoy sea fishing, except in special areas. For this reason, overfishing and other issues are likely to cause trouble between fishermen and anglers. It is important to enjoy fishing while observing etiquette, such as not using bait that has been voluntarily restricted by the local area and not polluting the fishing spot.

[Toshio Matsuda]

[References] | Fishing | Trolling

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

海水魚を対象とする釣りの総称。一般に釣り方や釣る場所によって、いくつかに海釣りを区別する。そのおもなものは、沖釣り、磯(いそ)釣り、投げ釣り、防波堤釣りの四つである。

［松田年雄］

沖釣り

船による釣りで、ごく水深の浅い所ではハゼ、シロギス、カレイ、アイナメなどが対象魚。浅場の船釣り、近場の船釣りといった呼び方もする。水深の深い所ではキンメ、アコウ、ムツ、メヌケ、タラなどを釣る。釣り竿(ざお)、リールが発達した現在、釣り人は水深800メートル前後までに挑戦している。これを深場釣り、深海釣りともいう。タイ、イサキ、アジ、サバ、メバル、カサゴなどは浅場釣りと深海釣りの中間的な水深である。

　沖釣りはさらに、船の動きからも「流し釣り」「かかり釣り」「引き釣り」に分けられる。流し釣りは船を潮の流れに乗せて流しながら釣る方法で、錨(いかり)などを打って船を海上に止めて釣るかかり釣りに対比される。引き釣りはトローリングともよばれ、擬餌(ぎじ)を使って船をゆっくり走らせこれを引く。

　釣り人を乗せる船は職漁船に対して遊漁船ともいう。2～3人乗りのものから、大型船は40人以上を乗せられ、魚群探知機、レーダー、無線、船舶電話などを装備している。遊漁船には乗合船と仕立船がある。乗合船は決められた出港時間までに船宿に行けば、満員にならない限り予約なしでも乗船できる。数人しか釣り人が集まらなくても出港する。一方、仕立船は予約を前提とし、借切りの船になる。グループだけで釣るにはこの仕立船が向くが、乗合船よりも船代はやや割高になるのが普通である。

　乗合船、仕立船のない地方では、便乗乗合船という形式もとる。職漁船に便乗させてもらって釣る方法だが、職業としての漁が優先するから、出港や帰港時間などすべて相手の決めたものに従うことになる。乗合船、仕立船の発達した所では、貸し竿、釣り仕掛け、餌(えさ)を常備してあり、手ぶらで出かけても1日の釣りが楽しめる。

［松田年雄］

磯釣り

磯からの釣りをさす。その対象魚はイシダイ、イシガキダイがとくに人気があり、この二つを石物(いしもの)とよぶ。ほかにブダイ、メジナ、クロダイ、ウミタナゴなど対象魚も多い。超大物釣りの対象魚にはモロコ、イソマグロ、クロヒラアジなどもあり、引きの強さと一気に突っ走るスリリングな魚にはシマアジ、ヒラマサがある。釣り場は、地続きの磯を地磯、渡船を利用する沖にある磯を沖根、沖磯などという。場所によって足場が悪く危険も伴うので、全国的な組織をもつ全日本磯釣連盟や日本磯釣連合会では、海難防止のために救命用具をかならず携行するように決めている。

［松田年雄］

投げ釣り

竿とリールで、仕掛けを遠くに投げる。この意味では、磯釣りのなかにも投げ釣りはある。しかし一般には、海岸の砂浜または防波堤からシロギス、イシモチ、カレイなどをねらう釣りを投げ釣りといい、海岸の投げ釣り、防波堤の投げ釣りと区別することもある。

　投げ釣り専用の竿と、スピニング・リールの組合せで100メートルから120メートル前後遠方に投げる。この投げる距離だけを競うのがスポーツ・キャスティングで、規定された太さの糸、オモリで投げる。また擬餌鉤(ぎじばり)を使い、海岸から投げて、これをゆっくりとリールで巻き寄せ、スズキやイナダ、ヒラメなどを釣るのをサーフトローリングという。

［松田年雄］