Petition - Moushibumi

Japanese: 申文 - もうしぶみ

〘Noun〙① A name for the style of ancient documents, broadly referring to petition documents. They are often submitted by individuals to government offices or superiors. They are a type of 'ge' (complaints) in the ritsuryo system, and are also called 'kaibun' (complaints), 'reports' (complaints) or 'reports' (complaints). The contents are often complaints of some kind of wrongdoing, complaints of difficult situations and pleas for improvement. In the Middle Ages, they were often called 'reports'. ※Shoki (720), Taika 2nd Year, February (Kitano Honin) "The people have a clear and honest heart, and are fond of the customs of the country, so appoint a mausifumi ( court official ) to give a sincere admonition."② A document submitted by government officials, especially after the Heian period, when they were conferred a rank or appointed to a position. They recommend themselves by listing the government position they wish to hold, giving examples, writing about their career history, and explaining how they are suitable for the position. After the Middle Ages, this kind of document came to be called a petition. A letter of petition (kanjo/kajo) . ※Kyureki-Kyureki-Sho, March 12, Tenryaku 2 (948), "Iyo no Suke Yoshifumi brought the above petition to the Minister of Justice, and submitted it to _{the Minister} of _Justice _in return."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 古文書の様式の呼称の一つで広く上申文書をいう。多く個人が官庁、あるいは上位者に差し出すもの。令制の解(げ)の系統であって、解の書出部分に「…解申」という句がはいるところから、解文とも申文・申状とも呼ばれる。内容は何らかの非違を訴えるもの、窮状を訴え改善を嘆願するものなどが多い。中世には多く申状と呼ばれる。※書紀（720）大化二年二月（北野本訓）「民明直(をさをさ)しき心に、国土(くに)の風(のり)を懐ふこと有て切(たしか)に諫むる陳䟽(マウシフミ)を設置に納れよ」② 特に、平安以降、官人が叙位・任官のために提出する文書。希望する官職を挙げ、傍例をあげ、自分の経歴を書き、その官職に就任するに自分がいかにふさわしい人間であるかを記して自薦する。中世以後、申文とはこの種の文書をいうようになった。款状(かんじょう・かじょう)。※九暦‐九暦抄・天暦二年（948）三月一二日「伊予介善文申文右少弁持来、即示_二可_レ奏之由_一返付」

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