Newbery, J.

Japanese: Newbery，J.（英語表記）NewberyJ

…
【foreign country】
The origin of picture books is the aforementioned Bohemian author Comenius' Atlas of the World (1658), but the tradition of picture books is deeply rooted in England.
[England]
Hornbooks, which were rough wooden textbooks, began in the 16th century, and chapbooks, popular books carried by peddlers, became popular from the 17th to the 18th centuries. In England, however, the tradition of children's books was established when John Newbery (1713-67), who loved children dearly, published The Little Pretty Pocket-Book in 1744. Thomas Bewick (1753-1828) brought to life rustic pastoral landscapes and animals in woodblock prints, W. Blake opened up an inner world in etchings, and finally E. Lear wrote The Nonsense Book (1846) in lithograph prints, luring children into a world of ridicule that went beyond common sense.

From [Children's Literature]

…
[England]
In the 16th and 17th centuries, hornbooks, which were like hand mirrors, and in the 17th and 18th centuries, chapbooks, which were written by peddlers and were similar to the red books of the Edo period, were the only books available to children. However, in 1744, J. Newbery opened the world's first children's bookshop in front of St. Paul's Cathedral in London, and published small, beautiful books, including Mother Goose, a collection of traditional folk songs, and Mr. Two Shoes, the first novel, which was probably written by O. Goldsmith. However, the educational theory of J. J. Rousseau, which dominated the 18th century, had many admirers, and children's literature became stereotyped. C. Lamb, together with his sister Mary, rebelled against this trend and wrote works such as The Tales of Shakespeare (1807), but it was necessary to wait for translations of Perrault, Grimm, and Andersen before children's literature could become a free and original world.

From Mother Goose

…In England, they are usually called “nursery rhymes”. The name is said to have originated from the collection of nursery rhymes “Mother Goose's Melody” published by John Newbery around 1765 (the title may have been influenced by the subtitle of the collection of nursery rhymes by C. Perrault published in 1697, “Contes de ma mère l'Oye”). There is also a popular American belief that it comes from the name of Mrs. Elizabeth Goose, who taught nursery rhymes to her grandchildren in Boston in the early 18th century. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Newbery, J." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…
【外国】
　絵本の祖は前述したボヘミアの人コメニウスの《世界図絵》(1658)であるが，絵本の伝統はイギリスに根強い。
［イギリス］
　ぶっきらぼうな教科書だった板本のホーンブックhornbookが16世紀に始まり，17世紀から18世紀にわたって行商人の持ち歩く通俗本チャップブックchapbookがはびこるのであるが，イギリスでは子どもを心から愛したニューベリーJohn Newbery(1713‐67)が1744年に《小さなきれいなポケット本》を出してから，子どもの本の伝統がきずかれた。ビューイックThomas Bewick(1753‐1828)が木版で素朴な田園風景と動物とを生かし，W.ブレークがエッチングで内的な世界をひらき，ついにE.リアが石版で《ナンセンスの本》(1846)を著して，常識をこえたおかしさへ子どもを誘いこんだ。…

【児童文学】より

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［イギリス］
　16～17世紀は手鏡のようなホーンブックhornbook,17～18世紀は江戸時代の赤本のような行商人によるチャップブックchapbookが，子どもたちの唯一の本だった。しかし1744年にニューベリーJ.Newberyがロンドンのセント･ポール大聖堂前に，世界で初めての子どものための本屋をひらいて，小型の美しい本を発行し，伝承歌謡を集めた《マザーグースの歌(マザーグース)》やO.ゴールドスミスに書かせたと思われる初の創作《靴ふたつさん》を送り出した。しかし18世紀を支配したJ.J.ルソーの教育説はたくさんの心酔者を出して，児童文学は型にはまり，C.ラムは姉メアリーとともにこの風潮に反抗して，《シェークスピア物語》(1807)などを書いたが，児童文学が自由な固有の世界となるには，ペローやグリム，アンデルセンの翻訳をまたなければならなかった。…

【マザーグース】より

…イギリスでは〈nursery rhymes(子ども部屋の歌)〉と呼ぶのが普通。この俗称の起源は，1765年ころニューベリーJohn Newberyが出版した童謡集《がちょうおばさんの歌Mother Goose’s Melody》にあるといわれる(この書名には1697年に出版されたフランスのC.ペローの童謡集の副題《がちょうおばさんの物語Contes de ma mère l’Oye》の影響があるだろう)。18世紀初頭のボストンで孫たちに童謡を教えたエリザベス･グース夫人の名まえに由来するというアメリカの俗説もある。…

※「Newbery，J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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