...At the same time, the idea of a performing group that, with the cooperation of the playwright, had a director at its core, respected the acting ensemble, and attempted to create a three-dimensional form with sets and lighting, was reexamined and recognized as an issue in the theater company system. This free theater movement spread to other countries, with O. Brahm founding the Free Stage Freie Bühne in Berlin in 1889, Jacob Thomas Grein (1862-1935) founding the Independent Theatre in London in 1891, and Stanislavsky and others founding the Moscow Art Theatre in 1898. These theaters and theater companies responded to the emergence of modern playwrights such as Ibsen, Strindberg, Shaw, and Chekhov, and created the foundations of the modern theater movement in various countries. From [Free Theater] …In 1894, it left Antoine's hands, and in 1896 it was dissolved due to financial difficulties, but director Lugne Pau and famous actor F. Gemier also came from here, and it left a worldwide impact, such as the Berlin "Free Stage" and the "Free Theater" by Ichikawa Sadanji and Oyamauchi Kaoru. [Ando Shinya] From Brahm…He studied German language and literature at the University of Berlin and other institutions, and in 1879 he entered journalism, writing theater reviews for the Voss Zeitung and other publications from 1881. Inspired by the activities of A. Antoine's Free Theater, the theater group Freie Bühne was founded in Berlin in 1889 with the goal of presenting modern theater free from censorship and profit, and he was elected head of the organization. When the Deutsche Theater was chosen as the permanent theater from 1894 to 1904, he also served as its director. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Freie Bühne" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…同時に,劇作家の協力を得て,演出家を中核に,演技アンサンブルを尊重し,装置,照明に立体的造形をはかる上演集団のあり方が劇団制の問題として再検討・再認識された。この自由劇場運動は各国に波及し,89年,O.ブラームがベルリンに〈自由舞台Freie Bühne〉を創立,91年,グラインJacob Thomas Grein(1862‐1935)がロンドンに〈独立劇場Independent Theatre〉を創立し,98年にはスタニスラフスキーらが〈モスクワ芸術座〉を創設した。これらはイプセン,ストリンドベリ,ショー,チェーホフらの近代劇作家の登場と呼応し,各国近代劇運動の基礎をつくった劇場,劇団である。… 【自由劇場】より…1894年にはアントアーヌの手をはなれ,96年には経営難で解散したが,演出家リュニェ・ポーや名優F.ジェミエもここから巣立ち,ベルリンの〈自由舞台〉や市川左団次と小山内薫の〈自由劇場〉など世界的な影響を残した。【安堂 信也】 【ブラーム】より…ベルリン大学その他でドイツ語学,文学を専攻し,1879年からジャーナリズム畑に進み,81年以降《フォス新聞》その他に劇評を執筆。A.アントアーヌの自由劇場の活動に刺激され,89年,ベルリンに検閲と営利に縛られず,現代向きの演劇の上演を目的とする演劇団体〈自由劇場(自由舞台)Freie Bühne〉が設立されると,彼はその組織の長に選出された。94年から1904年まで〈ドイツ座〉が常打劇場に決まると,その監督も兼ねた。… ※「Freie Bühne」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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