Menotti - Gian Carlo Menotti

Japanese: メノッティ - めのってぃ(英語表記)Gian Carlo Menotti
Menotti - Gian Carlo Menotti

Italian-born composer. After studying at the Milan Conservatory, he moved to the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia from 1928 to 1933, and has lived in the United States ever since. During his time at the Curtis Institute, he began a friendship with composer Samuel Barber, which led to his recognition as a member of the mainstream of American composition. His conservative style, which inherited the verismo (realism) of 19th-century Italian opera, won him a wide audience. His popularity is attested when he was named "Musician of the Year" by Musical America magazine in 1991. Since 1958, he has organized the "Two Worlds Festival" in Spoleto, central Italy, promoting the exchange of stage music between the two continents.

The characteristic of his work is the combination of the long tradition of Italian opera singing with American and contemporary themes. Although he also left behind symphonies, piano concertos, choral works, and cantatas, his specialty is opera, especially small-scale operas, and he also has a side as a director. Since his first opera, "Death of Pierrot," which he composed at the age of 11, he has written all of his own librettos, but this does not mean that his works are overly literary. His works are closer to musicals than to difficult contemporary operas.

Following the success of his one-act opera buffa Amelia Goes to the Ball, which premiered in 1937, he was commissioned by NBC to write a radio opera, which premiered The Thief and the Old Maid. His two-act opera The Medium premiered at the Contemporary American Music Festival in 1946, and its prelude The Telephone are his signature works, and are one of the few standard repertoires of 20th-century opera, having been performed and recorded many times. His tragedies include The Consul (premiered in 1950, and won the Pulitzer Prize and the New York Drama Critics' Award in the same year). His comedies include Amahl and the Night Visitors, which was commissioned by NBC as a Christmas television opera in 1951. His children's operas include The Bride from Pluto (1963) and Help, Help, Help, the Space Alien is Coming (1968). Other vocal works include the choral work "Gloria," which was part of the mass celebrating the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995.

[Shuhei Hosokawa]

[References] | Opera | Opera Buffa | Barber | Verismo

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリア生まれの作曲家。ミラノ音楽院で学んだのち、1928年から33年までフィラデルフィアのカーチス音楽院に移り、それ以降はアメリカに居を構える。カーチス音楽院時代には、作曲家サミュエル・バーバーと親交が始まり、アメリカ作曲界の主流に認められるきっかけとなった。19世紀イタリアのベリズモ(真実主義)のオペラを引き継ぐ、保守的な作風で幅広い観客を得た。1991年『ミュージカル・アメリカ』誌によって「ミュージシャン・オブ・ザ・イヤー」に選ばれたことは、彼の人気を証明する。1958年以来、中部イタリアのスポレートで「二つの世界音楽祭」を主催し、両大陸の舞台音楽の交流を図った。

 作品の特徴は、イタリア・オペラの歌の長い伝統と、アメリカ的で現代的な題材の組合せにある。交響曲、ピアノ協奏曲、合唱曲、カンタータも残しているが、本領はオペラ、それも小規模なオペラにあり、演出家としての側面もある。11歳のときに作曲した最初のオペラ『ピエロの死』以来、すべての台本を自分で書いているが、そのために極端に文学的になることはない。難解な現代オペラよりもミュージカルに近い。

 1937年初演の一幕オペラ・ブッファ『アメリア舞踏会へ行く』の成功によりNBC放送よりラジオ・オペラの委嘱を受け、『泥棒とオールドミス』を放送初演。46年に現代アメリカ音楽祭で初演された二幕のオペラ『霊媒』、その幕前劇として発表された『電話』は代表作、20世紀オペラの数少ない標準レパートリーとして何度も上演・録音されている。悲劇としては『領事』(1950初演、同年ピュリッツァー賞とニューヨークドラマ批評家賞受賞)に本領が発揮されている。喜劇には、51年にクリスマスのテレビ・オペラとしてNBC放送より委嘱された『アマールと夜の訪問者』がある。子供向けのオペラとしては『冥王星(めいおうせい)からの花嫁』(1963)、『助けて、助けて、宇宙人がやってくる』(1968)がある。このほか声楽曲に、1995年のノーベル平和賞を祝うミサ曲の一部を担当した合唱曲『グローリア』があげられる。

[細川周平]

[参照項目] | オペラ | オペラ・ブッファ | バーバー | ベリズモ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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