Arroyo - Arroyo

Philippine politician. Born in Manila. Eldest daughter of former Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal. Completed a Master's in Economics at Ateneo University and a PhD in Economics at the University of the Philippines. While studying abroad at Georgetown University in the United States, she sat alongside former US President Clinton. In 1986, she served as Under Secretary of Trade and Industry under the Aquino administration. In 1992, she was elected Senator and re-elected in 1995. In May 1998, she was elected Vice President and steered the administration alongside President Estrada.

However, after corruption allegations against President Estrada surfaced, she strengthened her anti-presidential stance, resigned from her cabinet post, and rallied opposition forces. When Estrada was forced to resign in January 2001, she was promoted from vice president to the new president. Her biggest pledge was "eradicating poverty," but shortly after she took office, allegations of money laundering against her husband, Jose Miguel Arroyo (1945-), came to light. Her popularity dwindled due in part to her image as "smug," but she was re-elected in the presidential election in May 2004. After his reelection, he sought to stabilize his government and worked to amend the constitution to transition from a directly elected presidential system to a parliamentary cabinet system and introduce a federal system, but he was defeated in the 2010 presidential election by former President Aquino's eldest son, Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III (1960-2021).

[Kiyoshi Aihara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フィリピンの政治家。マニラ生まれ。ディオスダド・マカパガル元フィリピン大統領の長女。アテネオ大経済学修士、フィリピン大経済学博士課程修了。アメリカ・ジョージタウン大学留学時代はクリントン前米大統領と席を並べた。1986年、アキノ政権下で貿易産業次官。1992年、上院議員に当選し、1995年、再選。1998年5月には副大統領に当選し、エストラダ大統領とともに政権の舵(かじ)をとった。

　しかし、エストラダ大統領の汚職疑惑が浮上して以降、反大統領姿勢を強め、閣僚ポストを辞任し野党勢力を結集。2001年1月、エストラダが退陣に追い込まれると、副大統領から新大統領に昇格した。「貧困撲滅」を最大公約としたが、大統領就任直後に夫ホセ・ミゲルJose Miguel Arroyo（1945―　）の資金洗浄（マネー・ロンダリング）疑惑が明るみに出た。「お高くとまっている」とのイメージも加わり人気は低迷したが、2004年5月の大統領選で再選を果たした。再選後は政権安定を目ざし、大統領公選制から議院内閣制への移行、連邦制導入に向けた改憲作業を進めていたが、2010年の大統領選挙でアキノ元大統領の長男、ベニグノ・アキノ3世Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino Ⅲ（1960―2021）に敗れた。

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