Metallocene - Metalocene

Japanese: メタロセン - めたろせん(英語表記)metalocene
Metallocene - Metalocene

It is a neutral π (pi) complex in which two cyclopentadienyl rings sandwich a metal atom. The cyclopentadienyl rings bond with the metal atom in three basic ways: ionic bonds, σ (sigma) bonds, and π bonds.

The first complexes discovered were iron complexes, which were named ferrocene after benzene due to their stability and reactivity. Later, di-π-cyclopentadienyl metal complexes were found to exist quite universally across transition metals, and were collectively called metallocenes. Individual compounds are called titano cene, vanadocene , and nickelocene . The general synthesis method is to react an alkali metal salt of cyclopentadiene (e.g. sodium cyclopentadienide) with the desired metal salt.

2C 5 H 5 Na+MX n → [(π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 M]X n -2 +2NaX
Even when trivalent or higher metal salts are used, neutral molecules can be obtained with appropriate treatment. Metallocenes are soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, etc., but insoluble in water. When carbon monoxide or nitrogen monoxide is passed through them at high pressure, they give carbonyl or nitrosyl compounds of the metal from which the cyclopentadiene ring has been removed. As with aromatic compounds such as benzene, electrophilic reactions are likely to occur, and the Friedel-Crafts reaction results in substitution of the cyclopentadienyl ring, but reaction conditions involving oxidation result in the oxidation of the central metal, so the use of electrophilic reactions is more limited than with benzene compounds.

[Kozaburo Nishiyama]

[Reference] | Friedel-Crafts reaction
Cyclopentadienyl ring bonding pattern
©Shogakukan ">

Cyclopentadienyl ring bonding pattern


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

2個のシクロペンタジエニル環が金属原子をサンドイッチ型に挟み込んだ中性のπ(パイ)錯体をいう。シクロペンタジエニル環が金属原子と結合する仕方には基本的にはイオン結合、σ(シグマ)結合、π結合がある。

 最初に鉄の錯体が発見され、安定性や反応性などから、ベンゼンにちなんでフェロセンferroceneと命名された。その後、ジ-π-シクロペンタジエニル金属錯体は遷移金属を通じてかなり普遍的に存在することが知られて、メタロセンと総称されるようになった。個々の化合物については、チタノセンtitanocene、バナドセンvanadocene、ニッケロセンnickeloceneのようによばれる。一般的な合成法は、シクロペンタジエンのアルカリ金属塩(たとえばナトリウムシクロペンタジエニド)と、目的とする金属塩の反応で得られる。

  2C5H5Na+MXn→[(π-C5H5)2M]Xn-2+2NaX
 3価以上の金属塩を用いた場合でも、適当な処理で中性分子が得られる。メタロセンはアルコール、エーテル、ベンゼンなどには可溶で、水には不溶である。一酸化炭素や一酸化窒素を高圧で通じると、シクロペンタジエン環がとれた金属のカルボニル化合物やニトロシル化合物を与える。ベンゼンなどの芳香族化合物と同様に、求電子反応がおこりやすく、フリーデル‐クラフツ反応はシクロペンタジエニル環に置換がおこるが、酸化を伴う反応条件は、中心金属の酸化をもたらすので、求電子反応の利用はベンゼン化合物に比べて制限される。

[西山幸三郎]

[参照項目] | フリーデル‐クラフツ反応
シクロペンタジエニル環の結合様式
©Shogakukan">

シクロペンタジエニル環の結合様式


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