Female

Japanese: 雌 - めす
Female

Refers to an individual that produces eggs or large gametes among dioecious organisms. Opposite of male. Compared to males, female gametes tend to be larger and less motile, but on the other hand, they store a lot of nutrients, which aids in embryonic development. In animals, egg size varies greatly depending on the species, depending on whether they are oviparous, viviparous, or ovoviviparous, and on the speed of embryonic development. In addition, while they generally exhibit passive behavior during reproduction, many play a major role in nursing behavior. In mammals, females ovulate at regular intervals during the breeding season, and at that time, they go into heat due to the influence of sex hormones, allowing them to mate. In addition, females often retain the external appearance and behavior of their early childhood compared to males, but there are external changes that develop particularly in females, such as the mammary glands in mammals.

[Takeji Kimura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

雌雄異体の生物のなかで卵、または大配偶子を生産する個体をさす。雄の対語。雌のつくる配偶子は雄のものに比べ、大形で運動性を欠くものが多いが、一方で栄養分を多く蓄えていることによって胚(はい)発生を助けている。動物では、卵生、胎生、卵胎生などの違いや胚発生の速度と関連して、種によって卵の大きさに著しい差を生ずる。また、生殖に際しては一般的に受動的な行動を示すが、反面、哺育(ほいく)行動では主要な役割を演ずるものが多い。哺乳類では、雌は繁殖期中に一定の周期で排卵を行い、その際性ホルモンの影響によって発情がおこり、交尾を許容するようになる。また、雄に比べ外形や行動には幼時の特徴が保持されることが多いが、哺乳類の乳腺(にゅうせん)のように、雌でとくに発達する外形的変化も存在する。

[木村武二]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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