A chemical reaction in which heat is generated when products are obtained from reactants. In a chemical reaction equation, the left side shows the reactants and the right side shows the products, but an equation that includes the input and output of heat is called a thermochemical equation. In an exothermic reaction, heat is generated during the reaction, so the heat amount Q is written as a positive value on the right side. The input and output of heat during a reaction depends on the difference between the sum of the bond energies of the atoms in the reactants and the sum of the bond energies of the products. When the bond energy in the products is smaller than that of the reactants, Q becomes positive and the reaction is exothermic, and when the opposite is true, Q becomes negative and the reaction is endothermic. The combustion reaction of hydrogen is a typical exothermic reaction. 2H 2 +O 2 ―→2H 2 O+57.8kcal [Takashi Shimozawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
化学反応において反応物から生成物を得る際、熱が発生する反応をいう。化学反応式において左辺は反応物、右辺は生成物を示すが、この式に熱の出入りを含めたものを熱化学方程式という。発熱反応においては、反応において熱が発生するので、右辺に発熱量Qを正の値として記す。反応における熱の出入りは、反応物質中の原子の結合エネルギーの総和と、生成物質中の結合エネルギーの総和との差による。生成物の中の結合エネルギーが反応物質のそれより小さいとき、Qは正となり発熱反応に、逆のときQが負の値となって吸熱反応となる。水素の燃焼反応は典型的な発熱反応である。 2H2+O2―→2H2O+57.8kcal [下沢 隆] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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