Metz (female)

Japanese: メス - めす(英語表記)Metz
Metz (female)

Metz is the central city in northern Lorraine, in northeastern France, and the capital of the Moselle department. It is located 59 km north of Nancy on the Moselle River, close to the German border. Its German name is Metz (same spelling). It has a population of 123,776, and a metropolitan area population of 322,526 (1999). It is close to the important industrial region of Lorraine, known for its steel and coal fields, and is the commercial center of the region. It is also home to machinery, automobile, and oil refining industries, and has a thermal power plant. It has an airport to the southwest, a river port on the Moselle River, and is a transportation hub with highways and railways. Due to its prosperity in the Middle Ages, the city is home to many historical buildings, including the Gothic Saint-Etienne Cathedral (13th to 16th centuries), famous for its 42-meter-high nave and magnificent stained-glass windows (surface area of ​​6,500 square meters), the Romanesque and Gothic Saint-Martin Church, the Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonants Church, which was converted into a church in the 7th century, and the city gate known as the "Gate of the Germans" (13th to 15th century).

[Yukihiko Otake]

history

Its origins date back to the city of Divodurum, founded by the Gauls, and during the Gallo-Roman period it flourished as a key transport hub under Roman rule. After the Great Migration, the Franks took control, and it became the capital of the Austrasian Kingdom in the early 6th century. During the Merovingian and Carolingian periods, it was a commercial, political, and religious center. In the 10th century, it became part of the German Empire, and in the 13th century, it became a free imperial city. Charles IV held an Imperial Diet here in 1356 and issued the Golden Bull. In the mid-16th century, King Henry II of France took advantage of the conflict to invade and occupy the area, and it was incorporated into French territory by the Treaty of Westphalia (1648). However, Metz continued to be tossed about in the conflict between France and Germany. It became a battlefield in the 1870 Prussian-French War, and was annexed to German territory after the war. After World War I, the victorious France reclaimed the territory, but during World War II it came under German occupation again, and after the war it was recaptured by the victorious France, where it remains to this day.

[Honike Ryu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランス北東部、ロレーヌ地方北部の中心都市で、モーゼル県の県都。ナンシーの北59キロメートルのモーゼル川沿いにあり、ドイツ国境に近い。ドイツ語名メッツ(同つづり)。人口12万3776、都市圏人口32万2526(1999)。製鉄と炭田で知られるロレーヌの重要な工業地域に近く、その商業中心都市である。機械、自動車、精油などの工業も立地し、火力発電所がある。南西には空港があり、モーゼル川に河港をもち、高速道路、鉄道も通じる交通の要衝。中世に繁栄したため歴史的建造物が多く、高さ42メートルの身廊とみごとなステンドグラスの窓(表面積6500平方メートル)で有名なゴシック様式のサンテティエンヌ大聖堂(13~16世紀)、ロマネスクとゴシック様式のサン・マルタン教会、7世紀に教会に改築されたサン・ピエール・オ・ノナン教会、「ドイツ人の門」とよばれる市門(13~15世紀)などが残る。

[大嶽幸彦]

歴史

起源は、ガリア人によってつくられた都市ディウォドゥルムDivodurumにさかのぼり、ガリア・ローマ時代にはローマの支配のもとで、交通上の要衝として栄えた。民族大移動ののち、フランク人が支配するようになり、6世紀初めにアウストラシア王国の首都となった。メロビング朝およびカロリング朝時代には商業、政治、宗教の中心地であった。10世紀に入るとドイツ帝国領になり、13世紀には帝国自由都市となった。カール4世は1356年にこの地で帝国議会を開き、金印勅書を発布した。16世紀なかばフランス国王アンリ2世は紛争を利してこの地に侵攻、占領し、ウェストファリア条約(1648)によってフランス領に編入された。しかしその後もメスはフランス・ドイツ両国の争いのなかで翻弄(ほんろう)された。1870年のプロイセン・フランス戦争では戦場となり、戦後ドイツ領に併合された。第一次世界大戦後、戦勝国フランスはこの地を取り戻したが、第二次世界大戦中にふたたびドイツの占領下に置かれ、そして戦後、戦勝国フランスが奪い返して現在に至っている。

[本池 立]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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