Murnau - Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau

Japanese: ムルナウ - むるなう(英語表記)Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Murnau - Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau

German film director. His real name was F. W. Plumpe. He was born in Bielefeld. He studied art history at the University of Heidelberg and worked as an actor under Reinhardt. He worked on propaganda films in Switzerland during World War I, and entered the German film industry in 1919. He produced a series of excellent works using expressionist techniques, and in 1922 he released Nosferatu, which made full use of outdoor shooting, and this film adaptation of the legend of Dracula became a masterpiece of fantasy cinema. His next film was The Last Man (1924), which depicts the tragedy of an old doorman. Although it was a film without subtitles, the freely moving camera vividly portrayed the protagonist's psychology, making it a groundbreaking work in the history of silent films. He moved to the United States in 1927. He released Sunrise (1927), which deals with the temptations of the city and the crisis of rural society, and was highly praised for its depiction of the scenery using elegant camerawork. He later completed Taboo (1931), a film he co-wrote with Robert Flaherty, on his own due to differences in beliefs, but died in a car accident in California just before the film was to be released.

[Ken Okumura]

Documents List of Director's Works

Satan (1919)
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1920)
Vogelöd Castle (1921)
Nosferatu: A Symphony of the Grauens (1922)
The Burning Earth (1922)
Phantom (1922)
The Last Man (1924)
Herr Tartuffe (1925)
Faust (1926)
Sunrise (1927)
4 Devils (1928)
City Girl (1930)
Tabu (1931) [co-directed with Robert Flaherty]

[Reference] | Dracula | The Last Man

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの映画監督。本名はF・W・プルンペ。ビーレフェルトに生まれる。ハイデルベルク大学で美術史を学び、ラインハルトの下で俳優を経験。第一次世界大戦下のスイスで宣伝映画の仕事に携わり、1919年にドイツ映画界に入る。表現主義的手法で一連の秀作を生み、1922年に野外撮影を駆使した『吸血鬼ノスフェラトゥ』を発表、ドラキュラ伝説を映画化したこの作品は、幻想映画の傑作となる。ついで老ドアマンの悲劇を描いた『最後の人』(1924)は、無字幕映画でありながら、自由に移動するカメラが主人公の心理を活写し、サイレント映画史上画期的な作品となった。1927年に渡米。都会の誘惑と農村社会の危機を題材にした『サンライズ』(1927)を発表、流麗なカメラワークによる情景描写が絶賛される。その後、ロバート・フラハーティとの共作『タブウ』(1931)を信念の相違から独自に完成させるが、封切り直前にカリフォルニアで自動車事故死した。

[奥村 賢]

資料 監督作品一覧

サタン Satanas(1919)
ジェキル博士とハイド氏 Der Januskopf(1920)
フォーゲルエート城 Schloß Vogelöd(1921)
吸血鬼ノスフェラトゥ Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens(1922)
燃ゆる大地 Der brennende Acker(1922)
ファントム Phantom(1922)
最後の人 Der Letzte Mann(1924)
タルテュッフ Herr Tartüff(1925)
ファウスト Faust(1926)
サンライズ Sunrise(1927)
四人の悪魔 4 Devils(1928)
都会の女 City Girl(1930)
タブウ[ロバート・フラハーティとの共同監督] Tabu(1931)

[参照項目] | 吸血鬼ドラキュラ | 最後の人

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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