Sea cactus - Sea cactus

Japanese: ウミサボテン - うみさぼてん
Sea cactus - Sea cactus

A marine animal belonging to the phylum Coelenterata, class Anthozoa, subclass Octocorallia, order Penaeidae, family Ophiopogonidae. It is found along the coast of Japan south of Ishikari Bay in Hokkaido, and in the western Pacific to Indian Ocean waters, living on sandy areas from the intertidal zone to a depth of about 20 meters. The colony can be divided into a thick, club-shaped stalk and a thin stalk, and the polyps are distributed directly over the entire surface of the stalk. The polyps show a dimorphic phenomenon, with normal polyps having tentacles and a diaphragm, and tubular polyps lacking them. Normal polyps are large, and the gonads are developed in the diaphragm. Therefore, normal polyps are responsible for feeding and reproduction. On the other hand, tubular polyps are small and numerous, and are also called small polyps. They are involved in the inflow and outflow of seawater within the colony and are responsible for the expansion and contraction of the body. At the boundary between the stalk and the stalk, there is a degenerated bony axis like a rod-shaped bone fragment, but sometimes this is missing. It shows a marked diurnal rhythm, rising up to 50cm above the sandy bottom at night, but shrinking to a length of 10-15cm during the day and hiding in the sand. When stimulated, it emits a strong light, and the sight of the sea cacti growing in the shallow sandy bottom at night and glowing in response to wave stimulation is spectacular. Closely related species include the spiny cactus and the white-flowered cactus.

[Hiroomi Uchida]

Sea cactus (ecology)
At night, they release their polyps to take in food. © Underwater Fort Enterprise, Isamu Soyama ">

Sea cactus (ecology)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

腔腸(こうちょう)動物門花虫綱八放サンゴ亜綱ウミエラ目ウミサボテン科に属する海産動物。北海道石狩湾以南の日本沿岸、および西太平洋からインド洋海域に分布し、潮間帯より水深20メートルぐらいまでの砂地に生息する。群体は太い棍棒(こんぼう)状の茎部と細い柄部とに分けることができ、ポリプは茎部の全面に直接分布している。ポリプは二型現象を示し、触手と隔膜をもつ通常の個虫と、それらを欠く管状の個虫とがある。通常の個虫は大きく、その隔膜に生殖腺(せん)が発達する。したがって、通常個虫は餌(えさ)をとることと生殖をつかさどる。一方、管状個虫は小さくて数も多く、小ポリプともよばれ、群体内の海水の出入に関与し、体の伸縮をつかさどる。茎部と柄部との境に棒状の骨片状に退化した骨軸を備えるが、たまにはそれを欠くこともある。著しい日周期性を示し、夜間は砂底より50センチメートルも伸び上がるが、昼間は長さ10~15センチメートルに縮んで砂中に隠れている。刺激を与えると強く発光し、夜間に浅い砂底に林立したウミサボテンが、波の刺激で発光する状態は壮観である。近縁種にトゲサボテン、シロバナヒメサボテンなどがある。

[内田紘臣]

ウミサボテン(生態)
夜間、ポリプを出して餌を取り込む©水中フォート・エンタープライズ 楚山いさむ">

ウミサボテン(生態)


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