Mufti (English spelling)

Japanese: ムフティー(英語表記)Muftī
Mufti (English spelling)
A legal scholar qualified to express opinions on the interpretation and application of Islamic law. In trials in the Islamic world, when a judge encounters a difficult problem in legal interpretation, he or she will hear the opinion of the mufti before making a decision. The mufti system began in the mid-Abbasid period and was, in principle, independent of state power, but after the Ottoman period it was incorporated into the bureaucratic system as part of the Ottoman Empire, and the highest-ranking mufti in Istanbul became the highest religious authority in the Ottoman Empire.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
イスラム法の解釈と適用に関して意見を述べる資格をもつ法学者のこと。イスラム世界での裁判の際,法解釈のうえで困難な問題にぶつかったときは裁判官はムフティーの意見を聞いたうえで判決する。ムフティーの制度はアッバース朝時代中頃より始り,原則として国家権力からは独立していたが,オスマン朝になってからは官僚制度の一環としてそこに組込まれ,イスタンブールのムフティーの最高位者がオスマン帝国における最高の宗教権威となった。

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