An official who supervises the daily life of Muslims according to Islamic law. Appointed by the caliph, sultan, or wazir (victim), their status and authority were considered to be lower than that of a qadi (judge). This position seems to have existed as early as the mid-8th century, but it was not until the 13th and 14th centuries in Egypt that it was established as the hisbah system. While the police (shurta) handled criminal cases, the muhtasib handled religious and social issues, and their main duties included supervising prayer and fasting, maintaining public facilities, protecting the sick, and monitoring the quantity and quality of commerce and industry, weights and measures, and counterfeit currency. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イスラム法に基づいてムスリムの日常生活を監督する役人。カリフ,スルタンあるいはワジール (宰相) によって任命され,その地位や権限はカーディー (法官) より低いとみなされていた。この職務は8世紀なかば頃にはすでにあったらしいが,これがヒスバ制度として確立したのは 13~14世紀のエジプトにおいてであった。警察 (シュルタ) が刑事事件を扱うのに対して,ムフタシブは宗教,社会的な生活問題を扱い,そのおもな任務は,礼拝や断食の監督,公共施設の維持,病人の保護,商工業の量や質,度量衡,偽造貨幣の監視などであった。
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