Beneficiary

Japanese: Benefizialwesen
Beneficiary


【Europe】
Here we will only explain the concept (1) above.
[Established]
The samurai system was established by combining two systems with different origins, namely, the samurai system (Vasallität, vassalité, French) and the pension system (Benefizialwesen, German, bénéfice, French). To begin with, in late Roman Gaul, free people were broadly divided into potentes and wardens, and wardens were enslaved to the power of their masters by trust, shared their masters' protection, and were obligated to perform various service duties.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Benefizialwesen" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


【ヨーロッパ】
 ここでは上述の(1)の概念についてのみ説明する。
[成立]
 レーン制は,起源を異にする二つの制度,すなわち〈家士制Vasallität(ドイツ語),vassalité(フランス語)〉と〈恩給制Benefizialwesen(ドイツ語),bénéfice(フランス語)〉の結合によって成立した。家士制の説明から始めると,ローマ末期のガリアにおいては,自由民は大きく〈有力者potentes〉と〈被護民clientes〉とに分かれ,被護民は託身によって一生涯主人たる有力者の権力に隷属し,主人の保護にあずかるとともに,種々さまざまの奉仕義務を負担していた。…

※「Benefizialwesen」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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