Minsk - Minsuk (English spelling) Минск/Minsk

Japanese: ミンスク - みんすく(英語表記)Минск/Minsk
Minsk - Minsuk (English spelling) Минск/Minsk

The capital of the Republic of Belarus (Belarus). It is located on a tributary of the Berezina River, which originates near the border with Poland. It has a population of 1,719,000 (1998), 1,982,444 (2018 estimate). It is the industrial, commercial, academic and cultural center of the Republic. It is the largest city on the transportation route from Warsaw to Moscow, and has been an important trading city on the north-south commercial route known since ancient times as the "Road from Varyag (Norway) to Greece". There are many cultural facilities such as the Belarusian Academy of Sciences, research and educational institutions such as universities, museums, art galleries, and theaters, and there are also baroque churches and monasteries. During World War II under German occupation, 74% of the city was destroyed, and many buildings were rebuilt after the war, and housing complexes and industrial districts were also established according to urban plans. Industrial products include various tractors, radios and televisions, watches and cameras, automobiles (diesel trucks, dump trucks, trailers, timber transporters), and machine tools, and the Minsk Automobile Plant and the Minsk Tractor Plant are the largest companies. Light industry accounts for 22% of industrial production, with industries such as wool, leather, meat, and brewing located to cater to urban consumption.

[Shigeru Yamamoto]

history

The town's name first appears in the chronicles in 1067. At that time, it was a fortress of the Polokwane Principality. It became the capital of the Minsk Principality in the early 12th century, but in the early 14th century it was included in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1499, the Magdeburg City Law was introduced, which spurred its development as a city. In the late 16th century, two regular markets were held, and there was active trade with Belarus and neighboring cities. However, the city was destroyed many times, such as during the Russo-Polish War in the mid-17th century and the Great Northern War in the early 18th century. After the Second Partition of Poland (1793), it was annexed to Russia and became the capital of Minsk Governorate. It continued to develop as a commercial, industrial, and transportation center of Belarus, but in the 20th century, it was occupied by German troops (1918), Polish troops (1919), and Nazi German troops (1941-1944), so its progress was not always smooth.

[Takeo Kuryuzawa]

[Reference] | Belarus

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ベラルーシ(白ロシア)共和国の首都。ポーランドとの国境付近に源流をもつベレジナ川の支流に臨む。人口171万9000(1998)、198万2444(2018推計)。同共和国の工業、商業、学術、文化の中心都市である。ワルシャワからモスクワに至る交通路上の最大の都市で、古来、「バリャーグ(ノルウェー)からギリシアへの道」といわれる南北の商業ルート上の重要な交易都市でもある。ベラルーシ科学アカデミー、大学などの研究教育機関、博物館、美術館、劇場など、文化施設が多く、バロック様式の教会や修道院もみられる。ドイツ占領下の第二次世界大戦中には市街の74%が破壊され、建造物は戦後再建されたものが多く、住宅団地や工業地区も都市計画に従って設けられた。工業製品は各種トラクター、ラジオ・テレビ、時計・カメラ、自動車(ディーゼル・トラック、ダンプカー、トレーラー、木材運搬車)、工作機械などで、ミンスク自動車工場とミンスク・トラクター工場は最大企業である。軽工業は工業生産の22%を占め、毛織物、皮革、食肉、醸造などの工業が都市向け消費を指向して立地している。

[山本 茂]

歴史

町の名が年代記に初めて現れるのは1067年のことである。このころはポーロツク公国の一要塞(ようさい)であった。12世紀初めミンスク公国の首都となるが、14世紀初頭にはリトアニア大公国の版図に入った。1499年マクデブルク都市法が導入されて都市としての発展に拍車がかかった。16世紀後半には二つの定期市が開催されるなど、ベロルシアならびに近隣諸国の都市との間に活発な交易が行われた。しかし17世紀中葉のロシア・ポーランド戦争、18世紀初頭の大北方戦争などにより、市は何度も破壊された。第二次ポーランド分割(1793)後ロシア領に併合され、ミンスク県の県庁所在地となった。その後、ベラルーシの商工業、交通の中心地として発展を続けるが、20世紀に入ってドイツ軍(1918)、ポーランド軍(1919)、ナチス・ドイツ軍(1941~1944)の占領を受けるなど、その歩みはかならずしも順調ではなかった。

[栗生沢猛夫]

[参照項目] | ベラルーシ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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