Private Diplomacy - Minkan Gaiko

Japanese: 民間外交 - みんかんがいこう

Diplomacy conducted at the private level, as opposed to official diplomacy between governments. Areas range from academia, arts, and sports to economics and politics. In some cases, as seen in the exchanges between business leaders in Japan and the United States, it complements official diplomatic relations, but in other cases, private individuals and organizations conduct cultural, economic, and political exchanges at a level completely separate from public institutions. In the latter case, it is also called people's diplomacy, and is often conducted between countries that do not have diplomatic relations, as seen in the relationship between Japan and China before the establishment of diplomatic relations in September 1972.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

政府間の公式の外交に対して，民間レベルで行われる外交。領域は学問，芸術，スポーツから，経済，政治にまでわたる。たとえば日米財界人の交流にみられるように，公式の外交関係を補完する場合もあるが，公的機関とはまったく別のレベルで民間人や諸団体が，文化，経済，政治関係の交流を行う場合もある。後者の場合は人民外交とも呼ばれ，1972年9月の国交樹立以前の日中関係にみられたように，国交のない国同士の間に多く行われる。

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