The living spirits of people who have resentment or hatred, and the spirits of people who died an untimely death. They were feared as they bring disaster to the living. In the belief in the soul, the human body and soul are separate, and when the soul is stable within the body, the person is alive. In the case of living spirits, it was thought that if emotions such as resentment or hatred were too intense, the soul would leave the body and bring disaster. In the case of an untimely death, due to death in battle, accident, suicide, etc., the body is suddenly destroyed, with both spirit and body together. Therefore, it was thought that the person's soul had nowhere to go and was wandering in the air. These spirits are called floating spirits. The monsters of the Heian period, the vengeful spirits and spirits of the Middle Ages, and the abandoned Buddhas and ghosts of the early modern period can all be seen as types of floating spirits. Wandering spirits seek a body, and want to return to a state where both spirit and body are in harmony. They are feared as they find people who are just before or after death, or whose souls are temporarily unstable, and try to take over their bodies even if it means driving out the spirits of those people. To prevent such harm, the spirit of Sugawara no Michizane is worshiped as a god at Tenjin shrines, or at Goryo shrines and Warei shrines in various regions, and Buddhists also offer prayers and sutras to turn misfortune into good fortune. Wandering spirits are also thought to take the form of rice pests such as planthoppers and rice stem borers, and in this case they are banished by being sent to the village borders using methods such as Mushi-Okuri. [Shoji Inoguchi] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
怨(うら)み、憎しみをもった人の生霊(いきりょう)や、非業(ひごう)の死を遂げた人の霊。これが生きている人に災いを与えるとして恐れられた。霊魂信仰の考え方では、人間の肉体と霊魂とは別個のものであり、霊魂が肉体の中に安定しているとき、その人は生きている。生霊の場合、怨み、憎しみなどの感情があまりに激しいと、霊魂が肉体から遊離して災いを与えると考えた。非業の死の場合は、戦死、事故死、自殺などの原因により、霊肉そろった状態から、突然、肉体だけが滅びる。したがって、その人の霊魂は行き所を失い、空中をさまよっていると考えた。これらの霊を浮遊霊と名づけておく。平安時代の物の怪(もののけ)、中世の怨霊や御霊(ごりょう)、近世の無縁仏(むえんぼとけ)や幽霊などは、いずれも浮遊霊の一種とみることができる。浮遊霊は肉体を求めて、霊肉そろった状態に戻りたがっている。死の前後や、一時的に霊魂の不安定な人をみつけ、その人の霊を追い出してでも、肉体を乗っ取ろうとしている、と考えて恐れられるのである。その害を防ぐためには、菅原道真(すがわらのみちざね)の霊を天神として、あるいは各地の御霊(ごりょう)神社や和霊(われい)神社のように、神として祀(まつ)り鎮め、仏教でも念仏や読経(どきょう)によって供養を施し、災いを転じて福とするように努めている。また浮遊霊は、ウンカ、ニカメイチュウなど稲の害虫の姿をとることがあるとも考えられ、この場合は虫送りなどの手段で村境に送って追放する。 [井之口章次] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
〘noun〙① During the Muromachi period, a method of c...
… [Hiroshi Wakamatsu]. … *Some of the terminology...
…[Tsubaki Keisuke]. . . *Some of the terminology ...
X-rays (Roentgen rays) were discovered by the Ger...
…He published works such as “Poems” (1656), “Rece...
〘noun〙① The skin that covers the outside. ⇔Inner s...
A type of high pressure system that develops in t...
King of the Satavahana dynasty of ancient India (r...
A group of animals that constitutes a single phyl...
This term is of Australian origin and was describe...
When it is desired to express a pattern on a wove...
...Pneumothorax is broadly classified into artifi...
...This book also includes dialectal descriptions...
...By the time of the Ancient Egyptians, the diff...
This garment was worn by military commanders over...