Unità - L'Unità (English spelling)

Former organ of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). Founded in 1924 by Antonio Gramsci, founder of the Communist Party. It was suppressed under Mussolini's fascist regime, but participated in resistance activities as an underground newspaper during World War II. After the war, as the party's influence expanded under the leadership of Secretary General Togliatti, circulation increased, reaching 300,000 copies at its peak in the 1960s and 1970s. In particular, the Sunday edition, supported by the "Association of Friends of the Unita," achieved a circulation of 1.2 million copies. When the Communist Party was dissolved in the mid-1990s and reorganized into the left-wing Democratic Party, Partito Democratico della Sinistra (PDS), it introduced external capital and became an independent management entity. However, under pressure from the new left-wing newspaper La Repubblica (founded in 1976), circulation fell to around 50,000 copies, and the newspaper went bankrupt in July 2000 with debts of 100 billion lira, ceasing publication.

[Hisao Komatsubara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イタリア共産党（PCI）の元機関紙。1924年、共産党の創始者アントニオ・グラムシが創刊。ムッソリーニのファシスト政権下では弾圧されたが、第二次世界大戦中地下新聞としてレジスタンス活動に加わった。戦後、書記長トリアッティの指導で党勢が拡大するにつれ発行部数を伸ばし、最盛期の1960～70年代には30万部に及んだ。とくに日曜版は「ウニタ友の会」に支えられ120万部を達成した。90年代なかばに共産党が解体、左翼民主党Partito Democratico della Sinistra（PDS）に改組されるのに伴って、外部資本を導入し独立の経営体となった。しかし左派系の新興紙『レプブリカ』（1976年創刊）の攻勢を受けるなど、発行部数は約5万部までに落ち込み、1000億リラの負債を抱えて2000年7月倒産、発行を停止した。

［小松原久夫］

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