Miyagi Prefecture - Miyagi

Japanese: 宮城[県] - みやぎ

A prefecture facing the Pacific Ocean in the Tohoku region. The prefectural capital is Sendai City. It covers an area of 7,282.22 ^km2 . It has a population of 2,348,165 (2010). [History] It was part of the ancient Mutsu Province, and corresponds to the area of Rikuzen and northern Iwaki when Mutsu Province was divided in 1868. Taga Castle was built in the 8th century, and it was the political center of Mutsu Province and the location of the Mutsu provincial government and naval base until the early Heian period. The power of the Oshu Fujiwara clan grew from the late Heian period, but after Minamoto no Yoritomo's subjugation of the Fujiwara clan, the Kasai clan took over, and during the Sengoku period, the Osaki clan, Date clan, and Soma clan all had their own territories. After 1600, the Date clan of Sendai unified the area, and throughout the Edo period, they controlled the Sendai Domain with 580,000 koku of rice. In 1871, the three prefectures of Sendai, Kakuta, and Tome were unified into Sendai Prefecture, and the following year it was renamed Miyagi Prefecture. [Nature] The Ou Mountains run north to south on the western border, and parallel to them are the Kurikoma, Funagata, and Zao volcanoes of the Nasu volcanic belt. The southern end of the Kitakami Highlands is located in the northeast, and the northern end of the Abukuma Highlands is located in the south. Between them are the Kitakami River, Naruse River, Natori River, Abukuma River, and other rivers that flow into Sendai Bay, as well as the alluvial plain (Sendai Plain) created by the Hasama River and Eai River, tributaries of the Kitakami River. The Matsushima Hills and Kurokawa Hills divide the area into the Senboku Plain in the north and the Sennan Plain in the south. The northern half of the coastline is a ria coast with many twists and turns, including Matsushima Bay, Oshika Peninsula, and Kesennuma Bay, while the southern half is a monotonous sandy coast. The climate is in the eastern Ou climate zone, with cold winters and little snow, but hot and humid summers. [Industry] The population composition by industry is 6.2% for the primary, 23.5% for the secondary, and 69.1% for the tertiary industries (2005), with the tertiary industry ratio being the highest among the six Tohoku prefectures. Agriculture is centered on rice cultivation in the Sendai Plain, and the Senboku Plain has been a major rice-producing area since ancient times, with swampland reclamation work having been carried out since the feudal era, and produces a large amount of high-quality rice such as Sasanishiki and Hitomebore. In addition to the specialty Sendai Chinese cabbage that is produced throughout the prefecture, pears and peaches are cultivated in the hills, grapes and strawberries are cultivated in the sand dunes along the Sendai Bay coast, and dairy farming is active in the Sennan Plain. Forestry is sluggish. With good fishing grounds off the coast of Kinkazan, it is one of the leading fishing prefectures in the country, with good ports such as Shiogama, Kesennuma, Onagawa, Ishinomaki, and Watanoha, and large catches of saury, bonito, tuna, Alaska pollock, and whitebait. Nori and oyster farming is also thriving in Matsushima Bay, Mangokuura, and Kesennuma. Mining involves the Hosokura Mine, which produced lead and zinc, which closed in 1987. With the completion of the Tohoku Expressway throughout the prefecture in 1978, the opening of the Tohoku Shinkansen in 1982, and the start of regular international flights to Sendai Airport in 1990, the prefecture's industry has developed significantly. In 1964, the Sendai Bay area was designated a new industrial city, and in 1986, northern Sendai was designated a core technopolis. The value of manufactured goods shipped was 3.43 trillion yen (2003), second only to Fukushima Prefecture in the Tohoku region. Industries include food processing, mainly seafood, electrical equipment, petroleum products, paper and pulp, lumber and wood product manufacturing, and heavy industry, with the Sendai Bay area including the cities of Sendai and Shiogama forming a coastal industrial zone with steel, machinery, textile, and electronics industries. The Tohoku Intelligent Cosmos Initiative is being promoted, which aims to create a futuristic industrial society for the 21st century in cooperation with the Tohoku prefectures. The area around Mt. Kurikoma belongs to the Kurikoma Quasi-National Park, and the area around Mt. Zao belongs to the Zao National Park. Many hot springs bubble up at the foot of the mountains, including Naruko, Onikobe, Sakunami, Akiu, and Togatta. The coast in the north of the prefecture is designated as the Sanriku Reconstruction National Park. The scenic beauty of Mt. Kinka and Matsushima, and the Tanabata Festival in Sendai are also famous. [Transportation] The Tohoku Main Line, Shinkansen, Tohoku Expressway, and National Route 4 are the main routes that run north to south through the central part of the prefecture. The Joban Line runs along the southern coast of the prefecture, the Kesennuma Line runs along the northern coast, and the Senzan Line, Rikuu East Line, Senseki Line, Ishinomaki Line, and Yamagata Expressway run east to west through the central part of the prefecture, and the bus network is also well developed. Sendai Airport is located between the cities of Natori and Iwanuma. In March 2011, the Tohoku Pacific Ocean Earthquake (Great East Japan Earthquake) occurred, causing severe damage in various parts of the prefecture, especially on the Pacific coast, due to violent shaking and a huge tsunami.
→Related topics Tohoku region

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

東北地方の太平洋に面する県。県庁所在地は仙台市。7282.22km²。234万8165人（2010）。〔沿革〕　古代の陸奥(むつ)国の一部で，1868年陸奥国分割の際の陸前と磐城北部の地にあたる。８世紀多賀城が構築され，陸奥国府・鎮守府所在地として平安前期まで政治の中心であった。平安後期から奥州藤原氏の勢力が強まったが，源頼朝の藤原氏討伐後は葛西(かさい)氏，戦国時代には大崎氏，伊達氏，相馬氏らが割拠，1600年以後仙台の伊達氏が統一，江戸期を通じて仙台藩58万石を支配。1871年仙台，角田，登米(とめ)の３県を仙台県に統一，翌年宮城県と改称。〔自然〕　西境を奥羽山脈が南北に走り，これに並行して那須火山帯の栗駒，船形，蔵王の諸火山が並ぶ。北東部には北上高地の南端，南部には阿武隈高地の北端が位置し，その間に北上川，鳴瀬川，名取川，阿武隈川など仙台湾に注ぐ諸河川と北上川の支流迫(はさま)川，江合川がつくる沖積平野（仙台平野）があり，松島丘陵，黒川丘陵によって北の仙北平野と南の仙南平野に分かれる。海岸線の北半は松島湾，牡鹿半島，気仙沼(けせんぬま)湾など屈曲に富むリアス海岸，南半は単調な砂浜海岸をなす。気候は東奥羽型気候区にあたり，冬季寒冷で雪は少ないが，夏季は高温多湿。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次6.2％，第２次23.5％，第３次69.1％（2005）で，第３次の比率は東北６県中第１位。農業は仙台平野の米作が中心で，仙北平野では藩政時代から沼沢地の干拓が行われ，古くからの米の大産地で，ササニシキ，ひとめぼれなどの良質米を多産する。県内各地で産する特産の仙台ハクサイのほか，丘陵でのナシ，モモ，仙台湾岸の砂丘でブドウ，イチゴの栽培，仙南平野で酪農が活発である。林業は不振。金華山沖の好漁場をひかえる全国屈指の漁業県で，塩竈，気仙沼をはじめ女川(おながわ)，石巻，渡波(わたのは)など良港があり，サンマ，カツオ，マグロ，スケトウダラ，シラスなどを多く漁獲。松島湾，万石浦，気仙沼でのノリ・カキ養殖も盛ん。鉱業は鉛，亜鉛の細倉鉱山が1987年閉山。1978年東北自動車道の県内全通，1982年東北新幹線の開通，1990年仙台空港への国際定期便の就航と高速交通体系の充実に伴って県の工業は大きく発展した。1964年仙台湾地区が新産業都市に，1986年には仙台北部が中核テクノポリスに指定された。製造品出荷額は３兆4300億円（2003）で，東北地方では福島県に次いでいる。水産加工を主とする食品や，電気機器，石油製品，紙・パルプ，製材・木製品製造などの工業が行われ，重工業は仙台，塩竈両市を含む仙台湾地区が臨海工業地帯を形成，鉄鋼・機械・繊維・電子工業が立地する。また東北各県と一体となって21世紀への未来型産業社会の創造を目指す，東北インテリジェント・コスモス構想が推進されている。栗駒山一帯は栗駒国定公園，蔵王山一帯は蔵王国定公園に属し，山麓に鳴子，鬼首(おにこうべ)，作並(さくなみ)，秋保(あきう)，遠刈田(とおがった)など多くの温泉がわく。県北部の海岸は三陸復興国立公園に指定されている。金華山や松島の景勝，仙台の七夕祭も有名。〔交通〕　中部を南北に縦貫する東北本線・新幹線，東北自動車道，国道４号線が幹線をなしている。県南部の海岸に常磐線，北部の海岸に気仙沼線，中部を東西に仙山線，陸羽東線，仙石線，石巻線，山形自動車道が通じ，バス網も発達。名取，岩沼両市にまたがる仙台空港がある。　2011年３月，東北地方太平洋沖地震（東日本大震災）が発生，太平洋側を中心に県内各地で激しい揺れと巨大な津波により甚大な被害が出る。
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