Aikman

Dutch physiologist. He obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Amsterdam in 1883. After studying bacteriology under E. Forster and HHR Koch, he was assigned to the East Indies as part of a Dutch government beriberi investigation team, with the aim of discovering the causative agent of beriberi (1886). Two years later, he was appointed head of the Java Medical School, and engaged in tropical medical research. During this time, he discovered that chickens fed polished rice showed beriberi-like symptoms, and that feeding them rice bran improved the symptoms (1897). This research led to the discovery of the vitamin concept and vitamin _B1 . For this achievement, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1929, along with FG Hopkins. However, he believed that a toxin contained in polished rice was the cause of beriberi, and that rice bran contained an antidote. In 1901, G. Grijns claimed that it was caused by a lack of an unknown nutrient in rice bran, a claim that he later acknowledged. He returned to the Netherlands in 1896 and became a professor at Utrecht University (1898-1928).

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

オランダの生理学者．1883年アムステルダム大学で医学博士号を取得．E. ForsterやH.H.R. Kochのもとで細菌学を学んだ後，オランダ政府の脚気調査団の一員として東インド諸島に赴任し，脚気の病原菌発見をめざした(1886年)．2年後にジャワ医学校長に就任し，熱帯医学研究に従事．その間，白米を与えたニワトリが脚気様症状を示し，かつ米ぬかを与えると症状が改善されることを明らかにした(1897年)．この研究は，ビタミン概念とビタミン B₁ の発見へつながる．この業績で，1929年F.G. Hopkins(ホプキンス)とともにノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞．ただし，かれは白米に含まれる毒素が脚気の原因で，米ぬか中に解毒物質があると考えていた．1901年G. Grijnsが米ぬか中の未知の栄養素の欠乏が原因であると主張し，かれものちにそれを認めた．1896年に帰国して，ユトレヒト大学教授となる(1898～1928年)．

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