Swastika - Manji

Japanese: 卍 - まんじ
Swastika - Manji

A symbol of virtue that appears on the chest, hands, and feet of Buddha. It is also written as Manji. There are Mimanji () and Hidari Manji (manji), but Hidari Manji is more commonly used in modern Japan. Many old Indian sculptures have it, and it may be more accurate to say that it is more correct, but in China and Japan, there is no such distinction. In Sanskrit, it is called svastika or śrīvatsa, and can also be translated as auspicious joyful whirlpool or auspicious sea cloud. It is said to have originated from the whorls on the chest of the Indian god Vishnu, but in fact it is much older and seems to represent the characteristics of a great person, and it has come to mean a collection of virtues that indicate good fortune, such as auspicious omen. In Japan, it is commonly used as a symbol, emblem, or sign indicating Buddhism and temples. The has been used as a type of cross around the world since ancient times, but there are many different theories about its origin.

[Yoshiaki Ishigami]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

仏の胸や手足などに表される徳の象徴。万字とも書く。右万字()と左万字(卍)があるが、現今の日本では左万字が多く用いられている。インドの彫刻の古いものにはが多く、むしろのほうが正しいというべきかもしれないが、中国や日本ではその区別はない。サンスクリット語でスバスティカsvastikaまたはシュリーバッツアśrīvatsaといい、吉祥喜旋(きちじょうきせん)、吉祥海雲とも訳す。インドの神ビシュヌの胸にある旋毛が起源というが、実際はもっと古く、偉大な人物の特徴を示すものらしく、瑞兆(ずいちょう)とも、吉祥を示す徳の集まりを意味するようになった。日本では仏教や寺院を示す記号・紋章、あるいは標識として一般に用いられている。なお、は十字架の一種として世界各地で古代から用いられたが、起源に関しては異説が多い。

[石上善應]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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