A method of cutting metals using the heat generated by the reaction of metal with oxygen gas. It is also called oxygen cutting. Steel is preheated with a gas flame from a nozzle, and when the steel reaches 800-900°C, oxygen is supplied at high speed from the center of the nozzle, causing the steel to burn and become iron oxide. Iron oxide has a lower melting point than steel, so it is blown away by the oxygen jet, forming a cutting groove, and the steel is cut by making continuous grooves. Gas cutting of ordinary steel can cut plates several millimeters to several hundred millimeters thick, but cast iron contains a lot of graphite, and stainless steel and aluminum produce oxides with high melting points, so it is not effective. When cutting with this method, preheating is required, and this gas flame is called a preheating flame, and oxygen-acetylene flame, oxyhydrogen flame, oxygen-propane flame, etc. are used. Oxygen-acetylene flames are widely used because they have a high flame temperature and a short preheating time. Recently, propane has come to be used. [Takeshi Kuwana] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
金属と酸素ガスとの反応熱を利用して金属を切断する方法。酸素切断ともいう。火口から出たガス炎で鋼材を予熱しておき、鋼材が800~900℃に達したとき、火口の中心より高速の酸素を供給すると、鋼は燃焼して酸化鉄となる。酸化鉄は鋼材よりも融点が低いので酸素噴流で吹き飛ばされ、切断溝を形成し、この溝が連続してつくられることにより鋼材の切断が行われる。普通の鋼のガス切断では板厚数ミリメートルから数百ミリメートルの切断ができるが、鋳鉄は黒鉛が多く、またステンレス鋼やアルミニウムなどは高融点の酸化物を生ずるので有効ではない。本法で切断する場合、予熱が必要であり、このガス炎を予熱炎といい、酸素アセチレン炎、酸水素炎、酸素プロパン炎などが使用される。酸素アセチレン炎は炎の温度が高くて予熱時間が短く、広く利用されている。最近ではプロパンが利用されるようになった。 [桑名 武] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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