Refers to the landlord-tenant relationship in Iran. Before the land reform (1962), about 90% of arable land in Iran was owned by landlords, and of that, just over 80% was managed under the sharecropping system. Sharecropping is widespread in the plateau regions, and in areas with little rainfall where irrigation technology is extremely important in agricultural work, a special farming system known as bone was used. Landlords divide their arable land into a set number of plots and assign a set number of peasants to each plot to work together on the farm. The harvest is distributed between the landlord and peasants in a set ratio for each plot, and the peasants divide the profits equally for their own plots. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
イランにおける地主・小作関係をいう。農地改革(1962)前のイランでは耕地の約90%は地主が所有し,うち80%強は分益小作制によって経営されていた。分益小作制は高原地方に広くみられ,降水量が少なく灌漑技術が農作業においてきわめて重要な意味をもつ地方では,ボネboneなどと称する特殊な耕地制度がとられていた。地主は所有する耕地を一定数の耕区に分け,そこに一定数の農民を配属して共同で農作業をさせる。収穫は各耕区ごとに所定の比率で地主と農民の間で分配され,農民は自分たちの耕区における取り分を均分するという方法である。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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