The capital of Cameroon, in central Africa. It is the second largest city after Douala, with a population of 1,248,200 (2001 estimate) and 1,812,169 (2010 estimate). It is the political and cultural center of the country, located on a plateau at an altitude of about 750 meters in the southern inland of the country, and is home to the central government offices, universities (the National University of Yaoundé, several private universities such as mission universities), and research institutes. Douala has a higher economic status, but Yaoundé is the center of the cocoa-growing region and a distribution center for goods inland. There are beer, tobacco, and cocoa factories on the outskirts of the city, but industry is not thriving. There is a continued influx of people from rural areas, and there is a housing shortage. There are densely packed markets and residential areas in the surrounding area, which contrast with the government district and commercial district, which are becoming increasingly high-rise. In 1993, an international airport opened at Nsimalen, about 15 kilometers south, making it easier to access. The city's foundations were laid in 1888, when a tropical rainforest was cut during the German colonial period. Since 1921, it has been the capital of French Cameroon, except for the period from 1940 to 1946, and has continued to serve as the capital even after independence in 1960. [Hiroshi Kadomura] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アフリカ中部、カメルーンの首都。同国のドゥアラに次ぐ大都市で、人口124万8200(2001推計)、181万2169(2010推計)。同国南部内陸の標高750メートル前後の高原に位置する政治、文化の中心地であり、中央官庁、大学(国立ヤウンデ大学、ミッション系など数校の私立大学)、研究機関などが集中している。経済的地位はドゥアラのほうが高いが、ヤウンデはカカオ栽培地域の中心地で、内陸における物資の集散地である。街はずれにビール、たばこ、カカオなどの工場があるが、工業は盛んではない。農村地域からの人口流入が続き、住宅が不足ぎみである。周辺部に出身地方別の密集した市場や居住区があり、高層化の進む官庁街、商業区とは対照をなしている。1993年、南方約15キロメートルのンシマレンNsimalenに国際空港が開港し、アクセスが便利になった。町の基礎は、1888年ドイツ領時代に熱帯降雨林を切り開いてつくられた。1921年以降、1940~1946年を除きフランス領カメルーンの首都で、1960年の独立後も引き続き首都となっている。 [門村 浩] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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