Marconi, Guglielmo

Japanese: マルコーニ（英語表記）Marconi， Guglielmo

Born: April 25, 1874 in Bologna
[Died] July 20, 1937. Italian physicist and electrical engineer in Rome. Born as the second son of a wealthy family, he studied physics at the Technical School in Livorno. After learning of H. Hertz's discovery of electromagnetic waves, he tried to apply it to communication devices and succeeded (1895). In 1896, he went to London, obtained a patent for wireless telegraphy in the UK, and established wireless telegraph companies in Italy, the US, and other countries. He continued to make improvements over the years, extending the communication distance, and in 1901 succeeded in communicating across the Atlantic. In 1902, he invented the magnetic needle detector, and in 1907, the disk discharger. During World War I, he noticed the advantages of short waves, and thereafter devoted himself to the development of shortwave communication technology. In 1809, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with K. Brown, and in 1819, he was the Italian ambassador plenipotentiary to the Paris Peace Conference, in 1929, was made a marquis and appointed a senator, and in 1930, he was elected president of the Royal Italian Academy.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1874.4.25. ボローニャ
[没]1937.7.20. ローマ
イタリアの物理学者，電気技師。資産家の次男に生れ，リボルノの工業学校で物理学を学んだ。 H.ヘルツの電磁波の発見を知り，これを通信装置に応用することを試みて成功 (1895) 。 1896年ロンドンに渡り，イギリスでの無線電信の特許を取るとともに，イタリア，アメリカなどに無線電信会社を設立。さらに年々改良を加えて通信距離を延ばし，1901年大西洋をへだてた通信に成功した。 02年磁針検波器を，07年円板放電器を発明。第1次世界大戦中に短波の長所に注目し，その後は短波通信技術の開発に献身した。 09年 K.ブラウンとともにノーベル物理学賞を受賞したほか，19年にはパリ講和会議のイタリア全権大使，29年に侯爵に叙せられるとともに上院議員に任命され，また 30年イタリア王立アカデミー総裁に選ばれた。

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