Marcos, Ferdinand Edralin

Japanese: マルコス（英語表記）Marcos， Ferdinand Edralin

Born: September 11, 1917, Batak
Died: September 28, 1989, Honolulu. Philippine politician. Graduated from the University of the Philippines and became a lawyer. During World War II, he served as a US military intelligence officer and joined anti-Japanese guerrillas on Luzon Island. In 1946, he became a special assistant to Manuel Roxas, the first president of the independent Philippines, and in 1949, a member of the House of Representatives. In 1959, he became a senator. In 1964, he left the ruling Liberal Party, where he was serving as president, to join the opposition National Party. He served as Senate President from 1963 to 1965. He ran for president as a National Party candidate in the 1965 presidential election and was elected, taking office in January 1966, and was re-elected in the 1969 presidential election. From September 1972 to January 1981, he imposed martial law on the grounds of containing communist guerrilla activities and building a "new society," establishing a dictatorship within the country and embarking on reforms. In 1975-76, he established diplomatic relations with China and the Soviet Union, and attempted to move away from a policy of one-sided dependence on the United States. He actively worked to establish cooperative relations with the ASEAN countries (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and other Third World countries. He was elected president in June 1981 for a six-year term. In response to the assassination of opposition leader Benigno S. Aquino in August 1983 (see Aquino assassination), social and economic unrest, and Marcos' own deteriorating health led to the February 1986 presidential election, which was brought forward. He faced off against Corazon C. Aquino of the National Coalition for a Democratic Party and won, but military reformists demanded his resignation immediately after the election. He was inaugurated as president on February 25, but resigned the same day and went into exile.

Marcos
Marcos, Imelda

Born July 1931, Tacloban, Leyte. Wife of former President F. Marcos, a Philippine politician. Born into the Romualdez family, one of the most prestigious families in the Visayas, she graduated from the Faculty of Education at St. Paul University, where her father was Dean of the Faculty of Law. She was selected as the Queen of the 1st International Exposition held in Manila in 1953, and won a scholarship to study vocal music at the Faculty of Music at the Philippine Women's University. In April 1954, she married Congressman Marcos, and after her husband became president, she was active in the political arena. She actively supported her husband in both foreign and domestic affairs. In November 1975, she became Mayor of Greater Manila. In 1979, she became Minister of Habitat and Environment. In February 1986, after the presidential election, her husband resigned as president, and they both went into exile. She returned to the Philippines in 1991, and ran for president in the 1992 election, but lost.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1917.9.11. バタック
[没]1989.9.28. ホノルル
フィリピンの政治家。フィリピン大学を卒業して弁護士になり，第2次世界大戦中はアメリカ軍の情報将校としてルソン島の反日ゲリラに参加。 1946年独立フィリピン初代大統領マヌエル・ロハスの特別補佐官，1949年下院議員。 1959年上院議員。 1964年総裁を務めていた与党自由党を脱党して，野党の国民党に入党した。 1963～65年上院議長。 1965年の大統領選挙に国民党から立候補して当選し，1966年1月就任，1969年の大統領選挙で再選された。 1972年9月～1981年1月共産ゲリラの活動封じ込めと「新しい社会」建設を理由に戒厳令を施行，国内に独裁体制を築き改革に乗り出した。 1975～76年中国，ソビエト連邦と国交を樹立し，アメリカ合衆国一辺倒の政策からの離脱をはかるとともに，東南アジア諸国連合 ASEAN諸国をはじめ第三世界諸国との協力関係確立に積極的に動いた。 1981年6月任期6年の大統領に選出。 1983年8月に起こった反対派リーダーのベニグノ・S.アキノの暗殺 (→アキノ暗殺事件 ) に対する新たな抵抗運動，社会・経済不安，マルコス自身の健康悪化などを背景に 1986年2月繰り上げ大統領選挙を実施。民主国民連合のコラソン・C.アキノと対決し勝利を収めたが，選挙直後に軍改革派が退陣を要求。2月 25日大統領就任式を行なったものの同日辞任，亡命した。

マルコス
Marcos， Imelda

[生]1931.7. レイテ，タクロバン
フィリピンの政治家，F.マルコス元大統領夫人。ビサヤ地方きっての名門ロムアルデス家の出身で，父が法学部長をしていたセントポール大学教育学部卒業。 1953年マニラで開かれた第1回国際博覧会の女王に選出され，奨学金を獲得，フィリピン女子大学音楽学部で声楽を学んだ。 54年4月マルコス下院議員と結婚，夫の大統領就任後は政治舞台でも活躍。外交，内政両面において積極的に夫を助けてきた。 75年 11月大マニラ市長に就任。 79年より居住環境相。 86年2月大統領選挙後の政変により，夫が大統領を辞任し，ともに亡命した。 91年帰国し，92年大統領選に出馬したが落選。

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