Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, 1st Earl Kitchener

Japanese: キッチナー（英語表記）Kitchener， Horatio Herbert， 1st Earl Kitchener

Born June 24, 1850 by Kelly
[Died] June 5, 1916. British soldier and politician off the coast of the Orkney Islands. In 1882, he participated in the suppression of the Arabi Pasha rebellion in Egypt. In 1892, he became commander of the Egyptian army. In 1998, he resolved the Fashoda incident with France in his favor, and was created a baron for his achievements. When the South African War broke out in 1999, he became chief of staff to General L. Roberts, and from 1900 to 1902, as commander-in-chief, he thoroughly suppressed the guerilla warfare of the Boers, and in 1902, he was created a viscount. From 1902 to 1909, he was commander-in-chief of the Indian army, and carried out reforms in the military system and other areas. In 1909, he became a field marshal. From 1911 to 1914, he was the British representative in Egypt. In 1914, he was created an earl, and when World War I broke out, he became Secretary of State for War in the H. Asquith cabinet. Anticipating a long war, he tried to greatly expand the army and mobilize the military industry, but he lacked political talent and was unable to gain the support of his cabinet. He died when the cruiser "Hampshire" was sunk by a German mine while on its way to Russia for military talks.

Kitchener
Kitchener

A city located 53 km northwest of Hamilton in southern Ontario, Canada. It is located almost in the center of the Ontario Peninsula, between Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario. The average temperature in January is -7°C, the average temperature in July is 19°C, and the annual precipitation is 850 mm, making it a mild climate. When settlement began around 1807, it was called Sandhills, then Ebytown after Mennonite Bishop Eby, and in 1824 it was called Berlin, but in 1916 it was renamed Kitchener after British Field Marshal H. Kitchener. Most of the first settlers were Germans who came from Pennsylvania, and many immigrants from Germany followed. It is the industrial, financial, and commercial center of the most densely populated region of Canada, and is adjacent to Waterloo, making it known as the Twin Cities. Manufacture of furniture, canned meat, brewing, rubber products, and textile products is thriving. Population 219,153 (2011).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1850.6.24. ケリー
[没]1916.6.5. オークニー諸島沖
イギリスの軍人，政治家。 1882年エジプトのアラビー・パシャの乱鎮定に参加。 92年エジプト軍司令官。 98年フランスとの間に起ったファショダ事件を有利に解決し，功により男爵に叙せられた。 99年南アフリカ戦争勃発に際し，L.ロバーツ将軍の参謀長となり，1900～02年総司令官としてブール人のゲリラ戦を徹底的に鎮圧，功により 02年子爵となる。 02～09年インド軍総司令官として軍制その他の改革を行なった。 09年元帥。 11～14年エジプト駐在イギリス代表。 14年伯爵に叙せられ，第1次世界大戦が勃発すると，H.アスキス内閣の陸相に就任。長期戦を予想して陸軍の大拡張や軍需産業の動員に努めたが，政治的資性に欠けたため，閣僚の支持を十分に得られなかった。軍事会談のため巡洋艦『ハンプシャー』号でロシアへおもむく途中，ドイツの機雷により沈没，死亡。

キッチナー
Kitchener

カナダ，オンタリオ州南部，ハミルトンの北西 53kmにある都市。ヒューロン湖，エリー湖，オンタリオ湖にはさまれるオンタリオ半島のほぼ中央部にあり，1月の平均気温－7℃，7月の平均気温 19℃，年降水量 850mmで気候温和。居住が始った 1807年頃はサンドヒルズと呼ばれ，次いでメノナイトのエビー司教の名を取りエビータウン，24年にはベルリンと呼ばれたが，1916年イギリスの陸軍元帥 H.キッチナーの名を取ってキッチナーと改称。最初の開拓者の大部分はペンシルバニアから入ったドイツ人で，その後もドイツからの移住者が多かった。カナダで最も人口密度の高い地域の工業，金融，商業の中心地で，ウォータールーと隣接し，双子都市として知られる。家具，肉の缶詰，醸造，ゴム製品，繊維製品の製造が盛ん。人口 21万9153（2011）。

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