Odawara Domain

The Fudai Naka Domain, whose residence was Odawara Castle in Sagami Province (Kanagawa Prefecture), was the domain of the Tokugawa clan. In 1590 (Tensho 18), Okubo Tadayo, a vassal of Tokugawa Ieyasu, entered the domain with 40,000 koku (later 45,000 koku), and his son Tadachika was given an additional stipend of 65,000 koku. In 1614 (Keicho 19), Tadachika was stripped of his stipend due to the Okubo Nagayasu Incident, and thereafter the domain became Shogunate territory until 1632 (Kan'ei 9), and the castle became a guard castle. During this period, from 1619 (Genwa 5) to 1623, Abe Masatsugu was the lord of the castle with 50,000 koku. In 1632, Inaba Masakatsu entered the domain from Moka in Shimotsuke Province (85,000 koku), followed by Masanori (117,000 koku) and Masamichi (Masayuki, 102,000 koku). In 1686 (Jokyo 3), Okubo Tadatomo moved from Sakura in Shimousa Province to his grandfather's hometown (103,000 koku), followed by Tadamasu (113,000 koku, remained the same thereafter), Tadakata, Tadaoki, Tadayoshi, Tadaaki, Tadazane, Tadanao, Tadanori and Tadayoshi. In 1871 (Meiji 4), the domain was abolished and became Odawara Prefecture, which eventually became Ashigara Prefecture, before being incorporated into Kanagawa Prefecture. Their territory consisted of the two counties of Ashigarakami and Shimo in Sagami Province, and most of Sunto County in Suruga Province (after 1633), which were land with castles; as of 1686, it also included parts of Kamo County in Izu Province, Haga County in Shimotsuke Province, Taga County in Harima Province, Katano County, Sanra County, and Manda County in Kawachi Province (there have been changes in the land other than the castles).

In the early days of the Okubo clan, they worked hard on flood control works in the Ashigara Plain, which was an area around the castle, and during the reign of Inaba Masanori, they carried out a general land survey of the land around the castle, carried out major repairs to Odawara Castle, developed the castle town, and laid the foundations for management within the domain. During the reign of Okubo Tadamasu, disasters continued with the Great Odawara Earthquake in 1703 (Genroku 16) and the eruption of Mount Fuji in 1707 (Hoei 4), and in 1708, 56,000 koku of affected land around the castle was incorporated into the Shogunate. In 1747 (Enkyo 4), most of the replacement land was restored to its former state. Since the Inaba clan, the chigyochi system for samurai was not adopted, and instead of the long-time lord who had been based in Edo, the domain was ruled by absentee elders and others. The samurai were divided into those who lived in Edo and those who lived in Odawara, and those who lived in Odawara were required to work in Edo for six months at a time. In the enclaves, the magistrates and foot soldiers worked, while the Kansai region was overseen by the magistrates, who also had their own storehouses in Osaka. However, due to financial difficulties in the domain, in 1712 (Shotoku 2) the stipends were reduced to half, and thereafter it became customary to only receive 30-50% of the stipend. During the reign of Okubo Tadamasa, Ninomiya Sontoku was appointed and the Hotoku Service Law was implemented, but the reconstruction of the domain was unsuccessful.

[Tetsuo Uchida]

"New Narrative History of the Domain, Volume 3" (1976, Shinjinbutsu Oraisha) "Odawara in the Edo Period, by Iwasaki Munetsumi, Uchida Kiyoshi, and Uchida Tetsuo (1980, Odawara City Library)" "Odawara Domain, by Uchida Tetsuo (1981, Yurindo)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

相模(さがみ)国（神奈川県）小田原城を居城とする譜代(ふだい)中藩。1590年（天正18）徳川家康の家臣大久保忠世(ただよ)が4万石で入部（のちに4万5000石）、子の忠隣(ただちか)は6万5000石に加増、1614年（慶長19）忠隣が大久保長安(ながやす)事件で改易、以後領地は1632年（寛永9）まで幕領、城は番城(ばんじろ)となる。この間1619年（元和5）より1623年まで阿部正次(まさつぐ)が5万石で城主となる。1632年稲葉正勝(まさかつ)が下野(しもつけ)国真岡(もおか)より入部（8万5000石）、正則(まさのり)（11万7000石）、正通(まさみち)（正往(まさゆき)、10万2000石）と続く。1686年（貞享3）大久保忠朝(ただとも)が下総(しもうさ)国佐倉(さくら)より祖父の故地に入部（10万3000石）、忠増(ただます)（11万3000石、以後変わらず）、忠方(ただまさ)、忠興(ただおき)、忠由(ただよし)、忠顕(ただあき)、忠真(ただざね)、忠(ただなお)、忠礼(ただのり)、忠良(ただよし)と続き、1871年（明治4）廃藩、小田原県となり、足柄(あしがら)県を経て神奈川県に編入された。領地は相模国足柄上(かみ)・下(しも)2郡、駿河(するが)国駿東(すんとう)郡（1633年以後）の大部分が城付地で、ほかに1686年当時、伊豆国加茂(かも)郡、下野(しもつけ)国芳賀(はが)郡、播磨(はりま)国多賀(たが)郡、河内(かわち)国交野(かたの)郡・讃良(ささら)郡・茨田(まんだ)郡の各一部にあった（城付地以外は変遷がある）。

　初期の大久保氏は城付地の足柄平野の治水工事に尽力、稲葉正則の代には城付地の総検地、小田原城の大修築、城下町の整備その他領内経営の基礎を築いた。大久保忠増の1703年（元禄16）小田原大地震、1707年（宝永4）富士山噴火と災害が続き、1708年城付地の被災地5万6000石が幕領に編入された。1747年（延享4）大部分の替地(かえち)は旧に復した。稲葉氏以来藩士の知行地(ちぎょうち)制はとらず、江戸在府の長い藩主にかわって留守(るす)家老以下が領地を支配した。藩士は江戸定詰と小田原在住に分かれ、小田原在住者には半年交代の江戸在勤があった。飛地(とびち)は代官以下足軽(あしがる)が在勤し、関西の地は奉行(ぶぎょう)が統括し、別に大坂蔵屋敷詰があった。しかし藩財政窮乏のため1712年（正徳2）半知となり、以後はその3～5割支給が常態であった。大久保忠真の代に二宮尊徳(にのみやそんとく)を起用して報徳仕法(ほうとくしほう)を実施したが、領内の再建は成功しなかった。

［内田哲夫］

『『新編物語藩史　第3巻』（1976・新人物往来社）』▽『岩崎宗純・内田清・内田哲夫著『江戸時代の小田原』（1980・小田原市立図書館）』▽『内田哲夫著『小田原藩』（1981・有隣堂）』

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